TABLE 3.
Comparison of self-report IRI-PD between subgroups of five demographic categories.
| Available and missing | Descriptive statistics for subgroups | Results of t-test/ANOVA | |||||||||
| Demographic | N | Missing | Replacing | Subgroups (n) | M | SD | df | t/F | p | d/η2 | 95%CI |
| Sex | 592 | 0.0% | NA | (1) Female (386) | 9.46 | 4.20 | 590 | 2.92 | 0.004 | 0.25 | [0.34, 1.75] |
| (2) Male (206) | 8.41 | 4.08 | |||||||||
| Ethnicity* | 591 | 0.2% | By mode | (1) Chinese Han (489) | 9.12 | 4.24 | 590 | 0.35 | 0.729 | 0.04 | [−0.73, 1.05] |
| (2) Minorities (103) | 8.96 | 3.91 | |||||||||
| Study major | 592 | 0.0% | NA | (1) Medical (389) | 8.67 | 4.18 | 590 | –3.45 | 0.001 | –0.30 | [−1.95, −0.54] |
| (2) Non-medical (203) | 9.91 | 4.08 | |||||||||
| Hukou† | 587 | 0.8% | By mode | (1) Local (236) | 9.29 | 4.27 | 590 | 0.95 | 0.341 | 0.08 | [−0.36, 1.02] |
| (2) Outlander (356) | 8.96 | 4.13 | |||||||||
| Study grade | 592 | 0.0% | NA | (1) Freshman (192) | 8.30 | 4.19 | 589 | 6.26 | 0.002 | 0.02 | / |
| (2) Sophomore (218) | 9.75 | 4.19 | |||||||||
| (3) Senior (182) | 9.14 | 4.06 | |||||||||
IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; IRI-PD, the total score for IRI personal distress items. Hukou, a unique social term of China, records the administrative region of a Chinese’s original permanent address. For the Study grade, Freshman represents the newly entered and Grade 1 college students, Sophomore represents Grades 2 and 3 college students, and Senior represents Grades 4 and 5 college students. *There was one missing value in the Ethnicity; this missing value was replaced by the mode of ethnicity (i.e., Chinese Han). †There were five missing values in Hukou; these missing values were replaced by the mode of Hukou (i.e., Outlander).