TABLE 3.

Summary of works about ERPs related to SAD.

ERP related to SAD	Study	Participants	Applied Task	EEG main findings
P1	Luck, 2012 Peelen et al., 2007 Kolassa et al., 2009 Kolassa et al., 2007 Torrence et al., 2019 Hagemann et al., 2016 de Bruijn et al., 2020 Meynadasy et al., 2019 Fang et al., 2019	Control subjects Control subjects HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA Maltreatment vs. non-maltreatment	Attention task Attention task Emotional faces Emotional expressions Facial stimuli Oddball paradigm (Masked faces) Flanker task Social threat task Facial stimulus	P1 amplitude is greater on the lateral occipital area. Activation of the lateral occipital cortex SAD individuals show an increment in P1 value Increased P1 amplitude in SAD Increased P1 amplitude in SAD P1 was higher in the masked conditions P1 amplitude was higher in the harm conditions P1 amplitude was higher than LSA P1 amplitude is greater in the non-treatment group
N1	Kolassa et al., 2009 Kolassa and Miltner, 2006 Peschard et al., 2013 Torrence et al., 2019 Hagemann et al., 2016 Fang et al., 2019	HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA Maltreatment vs. non-maltreatment	Identifying Stroop task Modified Stroop task Visual task of emotional faces Facial stimuli Oddball paradigm Facial stimulus	SAD people and HC did not show any significant differences in N170 amplitude N170 amplitudes have no difference in HSA and LSA. N1 has no differences No changes in N170 amplitude. More enhanced N170 amplitudes N1 amplitude is greater in the treatment group
P2	Peschard et al., 2013 Luck, 2012 Normann et al., 2007 Kolassa et al., 2009 Hagemann et al., 2016 MacNamara et al., 2019	High vs. low HC individuals HC participants HSA vs. LSA SAD vs. control HSA vs. LSA	Emotional faces Stroop task Emotional faces Emotional faces Modified Stroop task Face learning task Emotional faces	LSAs have no difference in P2 from LSA P2 increases with unusual target stimuli P2 voltage value increased as reaction to schematic expression HSAs have no difference in P2 from LSA HSAs have no difference in P2 from LSA SAD showed increased late P2 amplitude to negative stimuli
VEPs	Di Russo et al., 2002 McNair et al., 2006 Fotiou et al., 2003 Azoulay et al., 2020 de Bruijn et al., 2020 MacNamara et al., 2019	HC participants HC participants MDD HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA HSA vs. LSA	Checkerboard reversal stimulus Checkerboard stimulus Checkerboard stimulus Facial stimulus Flanker task Emotional faces	The amplitude of P1 and N1 increased after onset Enhancement of the N1 of the VEPs A positive correlates between the latency of N80 and P100 Latency is negatively related to SAD severity SA is sensitive loud noise more aversive than the soft noise SAD showed increased late VEPs amplitude to negative stimuli