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. 2020 May 19;8:303. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00303

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

(A,B) Diagrams showing the patterns of rhizome branching and the most common position of the associated RU in Nuphar lutea. (A) Ontogenetic spirals clockwise. (B) Ontogenetic spirals anticlockwise. Black ellipse, rhizome axis that is slightly dorsiventrally flattened; arcs with thick lines, leaves of the main axis; arcs with thin likes, leaves of the branch (1–9); open circle, RU with flower; arrows, direction of ontogenetic spirals; N-1, N, N + 1, N + 2, N + 3, positions in the ontogenetic spiral of the main axis, N is the subtending leaf of the branch and N + 2 is a RU. (C–H) Diagrams of all observed patterns of sepal and scale-like phyllome arrangement in N. lutea. The most common type in two mirror forms, with clockwise (C) and anticlockwise (D) sequence of sepal arrangement (and initiation). (E–H) Rare types. (I–K) Patterns sepal arrangement in calyx with five sequentially initiated sepals. 1,2,3,4,5, sepal numbers. Angles between adjacent sepals are indicated. (I) All sepals forming a whorl (theoretical prediction). (J) Sepals forming a Fibonacci spiral (theoretical prediction). (K) Pattern observed in Nuphar lutea, mean values of observed angles are indicated. (L) Mean values and confidence intervals for angles between adjacent sepals based on our measurements in 23 flowers of N. lutea (see Supplementary Data 2, for the data set).