Table 3.
Data extraction table (continued).
| Total # of participants | # of men/boys | # of women/girls | # of able-bodied participants | # of participants who are wheelchair athletes | Age (years) | Body mass (kg) | Type of disability | Physical activity level | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMPARISON ACE-WERG | |||||||||
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 29.8 ± 8.7 | ns | 11 PARA, 1 AMP, 1 PM | 13 NPA |
| Bloemen et al. (2015) | 13# | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13.4 ± 3.5 | 46.2 ± 18.7 | 13 SB | ns |
| Gayle et al. (1990) | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 27.0 ± 5.5 | 73.4 ± 14.3 | 15 PARA | 12 PA, 3 A |
| Glaser et al. (1980) | 16 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 66.9 ± 12.6 | 10 AB, 3 SB, 2 SCI, 1 PM | ns |
| Hintzy et al. (2002) | 15 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 23 ± 2 | 74.1 ± 6.3 | 15 AB | NPA |
| Martel et al. (1991) | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 26.8 ± 7.2 | ns | 20 PARA | 12 PA, 8 A |
| Morgan et al. (2019) | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 ± 19.6 | 75.7 ± 11.6 | 7 TETRA, 3 PARA/SB | 7 PA, 3 NPA |
| Pohlman et al. (1989) | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 ± 5.5 | 73.4 ± 14.3 | 15 PARA | ns |
| Price and Campbell (1999) | 7 | ns | ns | 0 | 7 | 29.3 ± 5.9 | 64.3 ± 1.7 | 7 PARA | 7 A |
| Sedlock et al. (1990) | 9 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 24 ± 2.3 | 58.6 ± 9.5 | 9 AB | 9 NPA |
| Simard et al. (1993) | 50 | 41 | 9 | 0 | ns | 34.1 ± 9.5 | 66.4 ± 12 | 50 TETRA | ns |
| Tørhaug et al. (2016) | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 ± 9.4 | 82.2 ± 16.8 | 12 PARA | 12 NPA |
| Wicks et al. (1977) | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 28.1 ± 4.1 | ns | 2 AB, 2 TETRA, 3 PARA | 7 NPA |
| Wicks et al. (1983) | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 28.6 ± 6 | 67.9 ± 14.7 | 8 TETRA | 65 A |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 28.8 ± 4 | 63.3 ± 9.7 | 5 TETRA | ||
| 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 30.2 ± 8 | 70.5 ± 13.6 | 11 PARA/SB | ||
| 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 27.5 ± 7.4 | 70.3 ± 16.9 | 10 PARA/SB | ||
| 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 28.2 ± 7.9 | 61.5 ± 16.9 | 4 PARA/SB | ||
| 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 26.1 ± 6.5 | 64.8 ± 14.1 | 17 PARA/SB | ||
| 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 36 ± 4.7 | 59.9 ± 7.5 | 10 PARA/SB | ||
| COMPARISON ACE-WTR | |||||||||
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 29.8 ± 8.7 | ns | 11 PARA, 1 AMP, 1 PM | 13 NPA |
| Gass and Camp (1984) | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | ns | 30 ± 3.2 | 65.3 ± 10.6‡ | 8 PARA, 1TM, 1 PM | 10 PA |
| Gass et al. (1995) | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.8 ± 2.4 | 70.2 ± 10.1‡ | 8 PARA, 1 TM | 5 NPA, 4 PA |
| McConnell et al. (1989) | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.0 ± 4.5 | 70.7 ± 8.6 | 11 PARA | ns |
| Pitetti et al. (1987) | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 ± 2.8 | ns | 7 PARA, 1 AMP | 8 PA |
| COMPARISON ACE-UBP | |||||||||
| Baumgart et al. (2018b) | 11 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 22.4 ± 2.6 | 78.1 ± 6.2 | 9 AB | 11 A |
| 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 33.8 ± 11.2 | 74.4 ± 12.5 | 5 PARA, 1 SB | 3 PA, 4 A | |
| COMPARISON WTR-WERG | |||||||||
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 29.8 ± 8.7 | ns | 11 PARA, 1 AMP, 1 PM | 13 NPA |
Information on the number of participants, sex, number of able-bodied participants, number of participants who are wheelchair athletes, age (years), body mass (kg), type of disability, physical activity level for each of the studies included per mode comparison. Where applicable, data are presented as means ± SD.
ACE, Arm crank ergometry; WERG, wheelchair ergometry; WTR, wheelchair treadmill; UBP, upper-body poling; participants with: PARA, paraplegia; TETRA, tetraplegia; SCI, participants with a spinal cord injury without specified level of the injury; AMP, participants with amputation; SB, participants with spina bifida; PM, participants with poliomyelitis; TM, participants with transverse myelitis; participants who are: A, athletes; PA, physically active; NPA, not physically active; ns, not specified.
Study included for more than one modes comparison.
Mean_pooled ± SD_pooled of the body mass at two test instances.
only 11 children were able to complete the test.