Table 4.
Data extraction table (continued).
| References | Test protocol | Starting load | Starting load | Increments | Increments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMPARISON ACE-WERG | ACE | WERG | ACE | WERG | |
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | Continuous | 10 W | 1 km/h | 10 W/2 min | 1 km/2 min |
| Bloemen et al. (2015) | Continuous | 10 W | 60–120 rpm | 10 W/2 min | 0.1 torque/min |
| Gayle et al. (1990) | Discontinuous | ns | ns | ns | 1 km/h/min |
| Glaser et al. (1980) | Discontinuous | PO at 75% HRpeak | PO at 75% HRpeak | 60 kpm (9.8 W)/min | 60 kpm/min |
| Hintzy et al. (2002) | Continuous | 20 W | 20 W | 10 W/2 min | 10 W/2 min |
| Martel et al. (1991) | Discontinuous | 5 W | 5 W | 10 W/min | 10 W/min |
| Morgan et al. (2019) | Continuous | 10 W | 10 W | 7 W/min | 7 W/min |
| Pohlman et al. (1989) | Continuous | ns | ns | 8.5 W/min | 1 km/h/min |
| Price and Campbell (1999) | Continuous | 30 W | 30 W | 5 W/min | 5 W/min |
| Sedlock et al. (1990) | Discontinuous | 12.5 W | 12.5 W | 12.5 W/6 min | 6 W/6 min |
| Simard et al. (1993) | Continuous | 0 W | 0 W | 10 W/2 min | 10 W/2 min |
| Tørhaug et al. (2016) | Continuous | ns | ns | 5–15 W/min | 5–15 W/min |
| Wicks et al. (1977) | Continuous | 60 rpm | 20 rpm | 100 kpm (16.3 W)/min for PARA or 25–50 kpm (8.2 W)/min for TETRA | 10 rpm/min increments for PARA or 5 rpm/min increments for TETRA |
| Wicks et al. (1983) | Continuous | 60 rpm | 20 rpm | 100 kpm (16.3 W)/min for PARA or 50 kpm (8.2 W)/min for TETRA | 10 rpm/min increments for PARA or 5 rpm/min increments for TETRA |
| COMPARISON ACE-WTR | ACE | WTR | ACE | WTR | |
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | Continuous | 10 W | 2 km/h, 1.5% | 10 W/2 min | 1 km/h/2 min |
| Gass and Camp (1984) | Continuous | 30 W | 5 km/h, 0% | 5 W/20 s | 0.5 km/min. +2% at 2 and 6 min |
| Gass et al. (1995) | Continuous | 20 W | 3.5 km/h, 0% | 5 W/30 s | 0.5 km/h or 0.5% /30 s until 4%, then 0.5 km/h /30 s |
| McConnell et al. (1989) | Continuous | 0 kpm (0 W), 72 rpm | 3.2 km/h, 0% | 1 kpm/3 min | 2%/3 min |
| Pitetti et al. (1987) | Continuous | 3.2 km/h‡, 0% | 75 kpm (12.3 W), 50 rpm | 0.8–1.6 km/h increase until 7.2 km/h‡ then 1%/min | 75 kpm (12.3 W)/min |
| COMPARISON ACE-UBP | ACE | UBP | ACE | UBP | |
| Baumgart et al. (2018b) | Continuous | PO of RPE 11 | PO at RPE 11 | 10 W/min | 10 W/min |
| COMPARISON WTR-WERG | WTR | WERG | WTR | WERG | |
| Arabi et al. (1997)* | Continuous | 10 W | 1 km/h | 10 W/2 min | 1 km/2 min |
Type of test protocol (continuous/discontinuous), starting load and increments [speed in kilometer per hour (km/h), incline in percent (%), power output in kilopond-meter (kpm) or watt (W), revolutions per minute (rpm)] for each of the studies included per mode comparison.
*
Study included for more than one modes comparison.
‡
Recalculated speed in kilometers per hour (km/h) instead of miles per hour (mph).
ACE, Arm crank ergometry; WERG, wheelchair ergometry; WTR, wheelchair treadmill; UBP, upper-body poling; participants with: PARA, paraplegia; TETRA, tetraplegia; PO, power output; HRpeak, peak heart rate; RPE, rate of perceived exertion; ns, not specified.