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. 2020 May 19;11:894. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00894

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Copyright © 2020 Mizuno, Tomotsune, Islam, Funabashi, Albarracin, Ikeda-Ohtsubo, Aso, Takahashi, Kimura, Villena, Sasaki and Kitazawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of cell-free supernatants (CS) from Streptococcus thermophilus ST538 and its exopolysaccharide (eps) mutant strains on the innate antiviral immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (PIE cells). Expression of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10/IP-10, and MCP-1/CCL2 genes in PIE cells treated with CS from wild type (WT) S. thermophilus ST538 or its ΔepsB or ΔepsC mutants grown in LM17 medium, and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C). PIE cells with no treatment and stimulated with poly(I:C) were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Significant differences when compared to the control group ^∗P < 0.05. Significant differences when compared to the indicated group: ^†P < 0.05.