Table 1.
Association between ECC prevalence, EPI, EPI components, and different income levels of countries included in the study.
| LICs | LMICs | UMICs | HICs | All | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 37 | |
| ECC prevalence in 0- to 2-year-old children, % (SD) | 11.50 (8.86)ab |
32.15 (18.55)a |
26.83 (12.02)ab |
16.33 (10.94)b |
23.61 (15.20) |
0.03 |
| ECC prevalence in 3- to 5-year-old children, %(SD) | 39.13 (2.65)ab |
62.62 (20.33)a |
58.36 (17.88)ab |
37.02 (19.34)b |
50.51 (21.8) |
0.008 |
| EPI—Score (SD) | 47.56 (4.63)a |
52.20 (10.18)a |
58.20 (4.44)a |
74.27 (7.36)b |
61.92 (12.55) |
<0.0001 |
| Environmental health—Score (SD) | 39.32 (8.03)a |
50.37 (20.96)a |
61.66 (13.42)a |
90.22 (8.52)b |
67.90 (23.21) |
<0.0001 |
| Ecosystem vitality—Score (SD) | 53.05 (2.35)ab |
53.42 (6.96)a |
55.89 (6.55)ab |
63.64 (9.17)b |
57.93 (8.72) |
0.01 |
a,b
different letters denote statistically significant differences among countries with different income levels.