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. 2020 May 19;14:135. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00135

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Firing of meningeal afferents induced by pulsatile ATP and 5-HT applications. (A) The schematic presentation of pulsating vessels inducing transmitter release from mast cells or endothelium. ATP acts either directly on nerve terminals (via P2X3 receptors) or by 5-HT released from mast cells and 5HT activates its own neuronal 5-HT3 receptors. (B) The cross-section of model nerve with P2X3 receptors and a mixture of 50% P2X2 and 50% P2X3 receptors. (Ba) Spiking activity in nerve fibers with ATP release events following at the frequency of the human heart rate (70 beats per minute). (Bb) The spiking activity of fibers with ATP action at the frequency of the rat heart rate (400 beats per minute). (C) The cross-section of the model nerve with 5-HT3 receptors. (Ca,Cb) Spiking activity of nerve fibers with ATP action at the frequency of the human heart rate (70 beats per minute) and rat heart rate (400 beats per minute), respectively.