Table 1.
Platinum derived drugs.
| Electrolyte disorder | Drug | Incidence (%) Type of study | Mechanism(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyponatremia | Cisplatin Carboplatin |
43-59 (B) (29, 30) 20 (C) (31) |
SIADH; RSWS, DNA damage of the gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive chloride channel (29, 32–34) |
| Hypernatremia | Platinum-drugs | n.a. | Acquired NDI (32) |
| Hypokalemia | Cisplatin Carboplatin |
27 (D,B) (31, 35) | Renal potassium wasting due to hypomagnesemia; Decreased intestinal absorption due to enterocyte cytoxicity (35, 36) |
| Hypomagnesemia | Cisplatin Carboplatin |
56-90 (B, D) (22, 23, 37) 7-29 (D) (38–40) |
Calcium-sensing receptor impairment; TRPM6/EGF pathway downregulation (18, 22, 41) Gitelman-like syndrome (42) |
| Hypocalcemia | Cisplatin Carboplatin |
6-20 (B, D) (43) 16-31 (B, D) (43) |
Impaired PTH release due to hypomagnesemia (24, 44, 45) Altered bone metabolism due to hypomagnesemia; Low vitamin D due to decreased 1-alpha-OHase activity (24, 43, 46) |
| Hypophosphatemia | Cisplatin alone (combined with Cyclophosphamide) |
10-77 (D) (47, 48) | Partial proximal tubular damage; Acquired FS (47, 49) |
Incidence and type of study column: the letter after the percentage indicates the type of evidence available: A isolated case; B case series; C pharmacovigilance notifications or registry; D observational study, clinical trial, metanalysis of clinical trials. n.a. not available. References in bracket square. FS = Fanconi Syndrome; NDI, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus; PTH, Parathyroid hormone; RSWS = Renal Salt Wasting Syndrome; SIADH, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; TRPM6, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, subfamily M, member 6/EGF = Epidermal Growth Factor.