Figure 5.

Subcutaneous electrostimulation of the paw in spontaneous breathing and mechanically ventilated mice under two different anesthetic regimens. (A) Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) patterns show unilateral responses in the contralateral paw region of S1 for spontaneous breathing mice under ketamine–xylazine. Increasing the field strength to 15 T reveals additional pattern in S2 and thalamic regions not visible at 9.4 T. In contrast large bilateral patterns were observed in ventilated mice under 1% isoflurane. (B) Signal time courses depict substantial surges in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) in ventilated, but not in spontaneous breathing animals. Data were acquired in-house reproducing findings from Reimann et al. (2018) and Shim et al. (2018). Functional map superimposed on gray shading (15 T) is adapted with permission from Jung et al. (2019).