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. 2020 May 19;8:423. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00423

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Copyright © 2020 Braun, Ezekiel, Marko and Warth.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of three Nigerian samples using an old (Braun et al., 2018) and newly developed protocol. Results obtained after the integrated QuEChERS/SPE clean-up (colored dots) excellently fit with our previous reported concentration (colored triangles) for beauvericin (BEA), enniatin B (Enn B), and ochratoxin A (OTA) indicating the high precision of the developed method. In addition to the confirmed mycotoxins, six were newly identified and quantification was feasible for most mycotoxins. Importantly, aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) and OTA were confirmed by ¹³C-labeled reference standards.