Table 2.
Meta-regression for the effect of music intervention vs. control on cognitive function.
| Subgroup analysis | Meta-regression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome or measure | k | SMD (95% CI) |
P value | I2 (%) | Coefficient (95% CI) |
P value | R2 (% of heterogeneity accounted for) |
|
| Overall | 16 | -0.2311 [-0.4416;−0.0206]* | 0.0314 | 71.8 | - | - | - | |
| Intervention length | <20 weeks | 9 | -0.4751 [-0.7235;−0.2267]* | 0.0002 | 50.7 | 7.429 | 0.0064a | 34.4 |
| >20 weeks | 7 | 0.0364 [-0.2323; 0.3050] | 0.7908 | 70.9 | ||||
| Intervention method | Interactive | 6 | −0.1899 [-0.4811; 0.1013] | 0.2011 | 68.2 | 3.981 | 0.0460a | 45.1 |
| Passive | 6 | -0.5648 [-0.8776;−0.2521]* | 0.0004 | 33.6 | ||||
| Intervention method | Dancing | 1 | - | - | - | 0.182 | 0.6699 | 0.0 |
| Singing | 3 | −0.2335 [-0.5724; 0.1053] | 0.1768 | 34.6 | ||||
| Listen to music | 6 | -0.5648 [-0.8776;−0.2521]* | 0.0004 | 33.6 | ||||
| Playing music | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
| Sessions/week | 1 | 9 | −0.0889 [-0.3569; 0.1791] | 0.5157 | 74.1 | 2.847 | 0.0915 | 9.4 |
| >1 | 7 | -0.4432 [-0.7518;−0.1346]* | 0.0049 | 58.9 | ||||
| Evaluation method | MMSE | 11 | -0.2546 [-0.4593;−0.0498]* | 0.0148 | 54.0 | 0.183 | 0.6691 | 0.0 |
| Others | 5 | −0.2029 [-0.7147; 0.3088] | 0.4370 | 85.8 | ||||
*
Results with significant differences.
a
Important source of heterogeneity.