TABLE 3.
Active coping | Distraction | Rumination | Cognitive reappraisal | Expressive suppression | |
Intercept | –0.01 | –0.03 | –0.01 | 0.01 | –0.06 |
Emotion Regulation Goals | |||||
To feel better | 0.09∗ | 0.19∗∗∗ | 0.10∗∗ | 0.12∗∗∗ | 0.04 |
To avoid conflict | 0.05 | 0.12∗∗ | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.21∗∗∗ |
To keep up appearances | –0.08 | 0.11∗∗ | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.40∗∗∗ |
To make someone else feel better | 0.03 | 0.10∗∗ | 0.03 | 0.09∗ | 0.03 |
To influence others | 0.08∗ | −0.07∗ | 0.01 | 0.02 | –0.05 |
Situational Factors | |||||
Perceived control | 0.09∗ | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.13∗∗ | 0.06 |
Emotional intensity | –0.14∗∗∗ | –0.07 | 0.30∗∗∗ | –0.11∗∗ | −0.08∗ |
Expected reoccurrence | −0.09∗ | –0.04 | 0.01 | –0.12∗∗ | –0.02 |
Interaction Effects | |||||
To work or learn | 0.03 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
To feel better ∗ emotional intensity | 0.00 | –0.01 | |||
To feel better ∗ expected reoccurrence | 0.00 | 0.02 | –0.05 |
∗p < 0.05. ∗∗p < 0.01. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Effects reported as standardized regression estimates based on the random intercept model. Significance is estimated by using Kenward–Rogers approximation (Kenward and Roger, 1997), and given the presence of heteroskedasticity, it is based on robust estimation (Koller, 2016). The model included person-means of the focal variables, but for simplicity, we omitted them in the table.