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. 2020 May 19;7:256. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00256

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Copyright © 2020 Wallace, Mather, Kara, Naicker, Mokoena, Pretorius, Nefefe, Thema and Babiuk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses in PBMCs collected from calves. (A) Group 2 (vaccinated and LSDV challenged) animals' PBMCs stimulated with LSDV. (B) Group 2 (vaccinated and RVFV challenged) animals stimulated with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) antigen. Averages for the Group 1 (mock-vaccinated control animals: D1-1 to D1-5) are depicted in the line graph in both panels. PBMCs were isolated for IFN- γ responses on the day of inoculation (Day 0), 7 and 14 dpi, and 7 and 14 dpc. The average spots per million cells (spmc) for 5 calves are represented for ELISPOT as a bar graph while individual animals' data are also indicated at each time point. Significant differences, as compared to the average 0 dpi data with P ≤ 0.01, are indicated with**.