Table.
Characteristics of the 118 840 participants included in the mortality analyses, by smoking pattern and age when starting to smoke
| Never-smokers | Ex-smokers | Smokers of cigars only |
Smokers of cigarettes by age they started smoking (years) |
Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any age | 5–9 | 10–14 | 15–19 | ≥20 | ||||||
| Number of participants | 65 186 | 7077 | 2535 | 44 042 | 1724 | 13 432 | 19 165 | 9721 | 118 840 | |
| Age, years | 51 (10) | 53 (10) | 57 (9) | 49 (9) | 52 (10) | 50 (10) | 48 (9) | 49 (9) | 50 (10) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Men | 21 515 (33%) | 3745 (53%) | 2184 (86%) | 25 080 (57%) | 1129 (65%) | 8210 (61%) | 11 323 (59%) | 4418 (45%) | 52 524 (44%) | |
| Women | 43 671 (67%) | 3332 (47%) | 351 (14%) | 18 962 (43%) | 595 (35%) | 5222 (39%) | 7842 (41%) | 5303 (55%) | 66 316 (56%) | |
| Completed high school | 28 483 (44%) | 3007 (42%) | 629 (25%) | 18 647 (42%) | 378 (22%) | 4664 (35%) | 8850 (46%) | 4755 (49%) | 50 766 (43%) | |
| Consume alcohol weekly | 5611 (9%) | 1201 (17%) | 670 (26%) | 12 106 (27%) | 478 (28%) | 3909 (29%) | 5559 (29%) | 2160 (22%) | 19 588 (16%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25 (4) | 25 (4) | 25 (4) | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124 (15) | 126 (16) | 128 (16) | 123 (15) | 124 (17) | 123 (15) | 123 (14) | 124 (15) | 124 (15) | |
| Baseline smoking habits | ||||||||||
| Age when starting to smoke (years) | NA | 17 (6) | 17 (7) | 17 (5) | 8 (1) | 12 (1) | 17 (1) | 24 (6) | 17 (5) | |
| Number of cigarettes per day* | NA | NA | NA | 15 (9) | 18 (11) | 17 (9) | 15 (8) | 13 (8) | 12 (10)† | |
| Cigar smokers* | NA | NA | 2535 (100%) | 3144 (7%) | 205 (12%) | 1171 (9%) | 1247 (7%) | 521 (5%) | 5679 (5%) | |
| Resurvey smoking habits (n=3578)‡ | ||||||||||
| Current smoker at resurvey | 100 (4%) | 24 (26%) | 60 (80%) | 984 (83%) | 74 (86%) | 280 (83%) | 411 (86%) | 219 (80%) | 1168 (33%) | |
| Number of cigarettes per day among those still smoking | NA | NA | NA | 17 (11)* | 19 (10) | 18 (10) | 16 (9) | 13 (9) | 16 (10) | |
| Number of cigarettes per day among all resurveyed | 0 (3) | 4 (9) | 3 (7) | 13 (11) | 16 (12) | 14 (11) | 13 (10) | 10 (10) | 5 (9) | |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD). Participants aged 70 years or older at recruitment and those with missing information on smoking or covariates were excluded. BMI=body-mass index.
Smokers of cigars consumed only 3·2 (SD 3·1) cigars per day, and the few cigarette smokers who also smoked cigars consumed 3·8 (SD 4·5) cigars per day.
Mean (SD) number of cigarettes among all participants.
Results from the 3578 participants who were resurveyed (at about 6 years after the baseline survey); of these participants at baseline, 2233 had never smoked, 91 had been ex-smokers, 75 had smoked only cigars, and 1179 had smoked cigarettes (mean 16 cigarettes per day).