Table 2.
The results of the gravity model with PPML estimation.
| Variable | (1) CASE215 | (2) CASE215 | (3) CASE215 | (4) CASE215 | (5) CASE201 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lnGDP | 0.1691 (0.1101) | 0.1364 (0.1164) | 0.1801 (0.1127) | 0.1422 (0.1177) | 0.2923b (0.1141) |
| AIR | 0.0090c (0.0023) | 0.0101c (0.0024) | 0.0090c (0.0023) | 0.0101c (0.0024) | 0.0092c (0.0023) |
| HST | 0.0006a (0.0003) | 0.0005a (0.0003) | 0.0006a (0.0003) | 0.0005a (0.0003) | 0.0004 (0.0003) |
| COACH | 0.0002 (0.0003) | 0.0002 (0.0002) | 0.0002 (0.0003) | 0.0002 (0.0002) | 0.0000 (0.0003) |
| lnLAT | 0.3456 (0.4476) | 0.0442 (0.4464) | 0.2931 (0.4637) | 0.0062 (0.4603) | −0.2449 (0.3852) |
| lnLONG | −0.7624 (1.8825) | −1.2816 (2.2591) | −0.6953 (1.9158) | −1.2156 (2.2851) | −1.7785 (2.0926) |
| lnDIST | −1.3942c (0.2473) | −1.4056c (0.2471) | −1.4732c (0.2692) | ||
| lnTIME | −1.6229c (0.2704) | −1.6677c (0.2701) | |||
| HUB | −0.2924 (0.4712) | −0.1824 (0.4076) | −0.2583 (0.5006) | ||
| R-squared | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.61 |
| Obs. | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 |
a
Significant at 10%.
b
Significant at 5%.
c
Significant at 1%.