Table 4.
First stage: Regression of star rating of admitting SNF onto patient characteristics and distances of different star rating SNFs.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Log of distance to nearest SNF rating | Median distance (in miles) to nearest SNF | No fixed effects | Hospital fixed effects | ZIP code fixed effects | Hospital and ZIP code fixed effects | SNF and ZIP code fixed effects |
1-star | 6.8 | 0.129*** [0.00221] |
0.0804*** [0.00150] |
0.0683*** [0.00195] |
0.0684*** [0.00194] |
0.0698*** [0.00290] |
2-star | 5.0 | 0.129*** [0.00256] |
0.0855*** [0.00173] |
0.0633*** [0.00239] |
0.0628*** [0.00238] |
0.0629*** [0.00320] |
3-star | 4.9 | 0.0227*** [0.00258] |
0.0198*** [0.00172] |
0.0101*** [0.00246] |
0.0103*** [0.00244] |
0.0123*** [0.00319] |
4-star | 4.1 | −0.155*** [0.00308] |
−0.0866*** [0.00214] |
−0.0804*** [0.00330] |
−0.0809*** [0.00329] |
−0.0778*** [0.00418] |
5-star | 5.5 | −0.226*** [0.00250] |
−0.130*** [0.00183] |
−0.121*** [0.00261] |
−0.120*** [0.00260] |
−0.118*** [0.00357] |
Observations | 1,278,456 | 1,278,456 | 1,278,456 | 1,278,456 | 1,277,815 | |
R-squared | 0.134 | 0.249 | 0.262 | 0.2993 | 0.836 | |
F-statistic | 3126.72 | 1122.40 | 771.17 | 364.99 | 388.97 |
Note: Robust standard errors are in square brackets. Clustering units were ZIP code in column 1, 3–4, hospital in column 2 and SNF in column 5. Each column represents a separate regression. All regressions include patient characteristics listed in Table 2 and month of SNF admission dummies.
p < 0.01.