Table 2.
Demographics and biometrics measures by OS participation.
| Total | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 462 | 124 | 77 | 261 | |
| Age at follow-up (years) | 26.2 (2.3) | 26.4 (2.3) | 26.1 (2.5) | 26.1 (2.2) | 0.31 |
| Sex (Female) | 298 (64.5%) | 84 (67.7%) | 59a (76.6%) | 155b (59.4%) | 0.01 |
| Race (African-American) | 174 (37.7%) | 69a (55.6%) | 35a (45.4%) | 70b (26.8%) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)Ϯ | 25.7 (0.34) | 27.4a (0.64) | 26.4 (0.82) | 24.7b (0.44) | 0.001* |
| BMI z-score | 0.66 (1.07) | 0.82a (1.17) | 0.79 (1.05) | 0.51b (0.99) | 0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm)Ϯ | 87.6 (0.79) | 91.3a (1.47) | 90.5a (1.88) | 85.2b (1.00) | 0.0008* |
| Waist circumference (cm) -femalesϮ | 87.9 (0.93) | 92.1a (1.72) | 90.2 (2.06) | 84.9b (1.27) | 0.002** |
| Waist circumference (cm) -malesϮ | 87.3 (1.29) | 89.5 (2.61) | 91.9 (3.89) | 85.7 (1.60) | 0.22** |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)Ϯ | 115 (0.47) [n = 444] | 117 (0.91) [n = 113] | 115 (1.12) [n = 75] | 115 (0.60) [n = 181] | 0.21* |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)Ϯ | 69.7 (0.33) [n = 444] | 70.0 (0.63) [n = 113] | 69.8 (0.79) [n = 75] | 69.5 (0.4) [n = 181] | 0.82* |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)Ϯ | 148 (1.28) | 150 (2.41) | 148 (3.08) | 147 (1.65) | 0.64* |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)Ϯ | 47.5 (0.57) | 45.4a (1.06) | 46.4 (1.35) | 48.7b (0.72) | 0.03* |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)Ϯ | 84.0 (1.11) | 87.8a (2.07) | 85.0 (2.65) | 82.0b (1.42) | 0.06* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)Ϯ | 81.8 (1.95) | 82.0 (3.68) | 83.2 (4.71) | 81.3 (2.52) | 0.93* |
| Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio | 1.61 (1.03) | 1.67 (1.05) | 1.68 (1.07) | 1.56 (1.04) | 0.56* |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)Ϯ | 83.4 (0.64) | 84.2 (1.12) | 82.3 (1.44) | 83.3 (0.88) | 0.59* |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L)Ϯ | 160 (9.58) | 162 (16.8) | 173 (21.7) | 154 (13.2) | 0.75* |
Data presented as mean (standard deviation), least square mean (standard error) or n (%); least square means and associated standard error are reported when adjusting for age and sex or age only. The Triglyceride/HDL ratio is presented as geometric least square mean (geometric standard deviation) due to distribution necessitating analysis using log transformed data.
‘a’ denotes difference from ‘b’ p < 0.05, adjusted using Dunnett’s test (age and BMI z-score) or Tukey-Kramer adjustment (continuous variables except age and BMI z-score or Bonferroni (sex and race) as appropriate.
Group 1 – No, No, No (Middle, High School, and College); Group 2 – Yes, No, No; Group 3 – Yes, Yes, No and Yes, Yes, Yes.
BMI = Body Mass Index (weight (kg) / height (m)2).
Age and sex adjusted.
Age adjusted.