Table 1.

Virulence agents of H. pylori.

Vrulence agent	H. pylori Function
Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)	Induce Cyto C release
	Cytotoxicity
Cag Pathogenicity Island (CagPAI)	Induce inflammation
Cag genes (Cag E,G,I,H, L and M)	Coding for 40-kb is a major virulence factor of H. pylori.
Urease	Causing epithelium cells toxicity
	Disrupting cell tight junctions
	Buffers stomach acid
	Sheathing antigen
Duodenal ulcer promoting A (DupA)	Induce inflammation
Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA)	Induce inflammation for IL-8
H. pylori neutrophil activation protein (HP-NAP)	Activation of neutrophil
BabA	Adhesin
Flagella	Movements through mucin