. 2020 May 21;26:e00470. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00470

Table 2.

Restorative herbs having anti-H. pylori action.

Plant Names	Part and extract	Active ingredients responsible for the activity	Activity	Refs.
Aesculus hippocastanum	EtOH extract	Saponin (Aescine)	Antisecretory effect	[31]
Acacia nilotica	flower aceton extract	Not identified	Urease inhibitor	[8]
Achillea millefolium	MeOH extract of aerial parts	Not identified	Antioxidant	[45,46]
Ageratina pichinchensis	EtOH extract	3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone	Maintaenence NO, PG, SH release	[47]
Ageratum conyzoides	MeOH extract of the entire plant	Not identified	Not detected	[48]
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.	Aqueous extract of whole plant	Not identified	Not detected	[49]
Alchornea triplinervia	MeOH and EtOAc extracts	Not identified	Antisecretory	[50,51]
			Increase PGE2
			Decrease gastric injuries
			Increase mucus
			Promote epithelial cell
Allium sativum	Oil and aqeous extract	Thiosulfinates	Interfere with cell wall	[52,53,54,55,56]
		Diallyl disulfide	Causing cell lysis and Triggering autolysis
Aloe vera	Polysachharide fraction	Lectins	Increase mucus	[57]
			Inhibit aminopyrin uptake
			Reduce TNF-α
Alpinia speciosa	EtOH extract of root	Not identified	Inhibit H.pylori	[58]
Amphipterygium adstringens.	CH₂Cl₂ extract	3a-hydroxymasticadienonic acid, b-sitosterol	Gastroprotective	[59]
		3-epi-oleanolic acid
Angelica sinensis	EtOH extract	Polysaccharide indomethacin	Inhibition of MPO activity	[60]
Anisomeles indica	Stem and leaves EtOH extract	Not identified	Inhibit IL-12 and TNF-α,	[58]
Annona cherimola	Stem and leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Not detected	[61]
Anthemis altissima	Isolated compounds from arial part	Sesquiterpene lactones	Not detected	[62]
		Tatridin-A, sivasinolide, 1-epi-tatridin B, altissin, desacetyl-β-cyclopyrethrosin,
Aralia elata	Root bark	Araloside A	Gastric lesion inhibitor ulcer formation inhibitor	[33]
Arrabidaea chica	HydroEtOHic extract of leaves	Flavones and flavonols	Inhibit H. pylori	[63]
Artemisia ludoviciana	Leaves and stem aqueous extract	Artemisin	Bactericidal kinetics	[61]
			Morphological degeneration
Atractylodes ovata	EtOH extract	Sesquiterpenoid	-Inhibition of MMP-2	[64]
		Atractylenolide III	-MMP-9 expression
Bixa orellana	EtOH extract of seeds	Not identified	Not detected	[65]
Boesenbergia rotunda	EtOH extract	Flavanone	Antioxidant	[66]
		Pinostrobin	Decrease gastric motility
Bombax malabaricum	EtOH extract of root	Not identified	Not detected	[58]
Boronia pinnata	Whole shrub extract	Cinnamic acid derivative (boropinic acid)	Anti-ulcer agent	[67]
Brassica oleracea	Broccoli sprouts	Not identified	On human volunteers	[68]
Brazilian propolis	Propolis extract	3-hydroxy-2,2dimethyl-8-prenylchromane-propenoic acid	Anti-H.pylori invitro	[69]
Bridelia micrantha	Acetone and EtOAc extracts of stem bark	Not identified	Anti-inflammatory	[70,71]
Byrsonima crassa	Leaves MeOH and CHCl₃ extracts	Not identified	Immunostimulatory	[72]
Byrsonima fagifolia	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Gastroprotective	[73]
			Antidiarrheal
			Antibacterial Immunomodulatory
Byrsonima intermedia	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Antioxidant	[74]
Calophyllum b8rasiliense	Hexane, HydroEtOH extract and Ch₂Cl₂ fraction of stem bark	Mixture of chromanone	Decreased urease,	[6,75]
			Reduce H. pylori in pathological analysis
Calotropis procera	Acetone and MeOH extracts of leaves and flowers	Not identified	Urease inhibitor	[8]
Camellia sinensis	MeOH and water extracts of young shoots	Catechin	Urease inhibitor	[27,76,77]
			Anti-inflammatory
Carum carvi L.	Fruit MeOH	Not identified	Not detected	[78]
Casearia sylvestris	Leaves EtOH extract	Terpenoids	Decrease ulcerative size	[79]
			Eradicate H. pylori
Chamomilla recutita	Oil extract of flowers	Catechin	Urease inhibitor	[65,80,81,82]
	70 % aqueous		Decreasegastric mucosal injury
	MeOH 96 % ethanol
Cinnamomum cassia	Bark aqueous EtOH	Not identified	Suppression of IL-8	[46]
Cinnamomum verum	Essential oils of dry bark	Cinnamaldehyde	Urease inhibitor	[83,84,85,86]
Cistus laurifolius	Flowers CHCl₃ fraction	Isorhamnetin	Inhibit ulcer	[87,88]
		Kaempferol 3,7-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether	Eradicate H.pylori
Citrus aurantium	EtOH extract	Monoterpene	indomethacin, ischemia reperfusion	[89]
		b-Myrcene
Citrus lemon	Essential oil	Monoterpene	Mucus production	[90]
		Indomethacin	HSP-70 activation
		Limonene	Vasoactive intestinal peptide and NO release
			Maintenance of PGE2 and glutathione levels
Cocculus hirsutus	EtOH extract of leaves	Alkaloids	Anti H. pylori	[91]
Cochlospermum tinctorium	Acidified EtOH	Polysaccharide	Antioxidant	[40]
		Arabinogalactans II	Immunomodulatory
Combretum molle	Stem bark acetone extract was the best	Flavonoids	Gastroprotective	[92]
Coptis chinensis	Rhizome aqueous extract	Alkaloid	Inhibit ulcer	[93]
			Eradicate H.pylori
Croton reflexifolius	EtOH extract	Diterpenoid	Gastroprotective	[94]
		Polyalthic acid	Block sulfhydryl groups
			Inhibit NO synthase
Croton sublyratus	Leaves extract	Terpenoid (Plaunotol)	Suppress IL-8 secretion	[95]
Cuminum cyminum	EtOH extracts of seeds	Phenolic compounds	Antioxidant	[96]
Cuphea aequipetala	Leaves aqueous extract	Phenolic compounds	Reduce gastric lesions	[61]
			Inhibit ulcer
Curcuma amada	Rhizome 70 % EtOH	Curcumin	Inhibit proton potassium ATPase	[97]
Cupressus sempervirens	Essential oil	Monoterpenes	Not detected	[98]
Curcuma longa	Polyphenolic rich extract of the root	Curcumin	Chemo-preventative	[99]
Cymbopogon citratus	Essential oil	Terpenes	Inhibit COX	[98]
			Inhibit NO synthase Activate K⁺ATP channel and α2 receptors.
Cyrtocarpa procera	Hexane extracts from stem bark	Not identified	Gastroprotective	[59,61,100]
			Anti-inflammatory
Davilla elliptica	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Anti-inflammatory Gastroprotective	[101]
Davilla nítida	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Anti-inflammatory Gastroprotective	[101]
Daucus carota	Essential oil of seed	Carvacrol and nerol	Decrease pH	[102]
Derris trifoliate	Petroleum ether and stemCHCl₃ extracts	Not identified	Eradicate H. Pylori	[103]
			Gastroprotective
Desmostachya bipinnata	Wholeplant	Flavonoids (4-methoxy quercetin-7-O-glucoside)	Chemopreventive agent	[104,105]
	Diethyl ether extract
Dittrichia viscosa	Aerial parts essential oil (Oxygenated fractions)	3-methoxy cuminyl isobutyrate	Antibacterial action	[81,106]
Eucalyptus torelliana	Hexane extract of leaves	Saponin and taninns	Decrease gastric acid	[107]
			Increase pH gastric juice
Eugenia caryophillus	EtOH extracts of flowers	Eugenol	Increase activity at acidic pH	[84,108]
Eugenia caryophyllata	Flowers aqueous extract	Essential oil	Anti-inflammatory	[49]
Eupatorium aschenbornianum	EtOH extract	Chromene	Antioxidant activity	[109]
		Encecanescin
Evodia rutaecarpa	Alkaloids rich extract	1-Methyl-2-[(Z)-7-tridecenyl]-4-(1 H)-quinolone	Anti-inflammatory	[110]
			Very strong Anti-H.pylori
Feijoa sellowiana	Fruit Acetone Extract	Flavone	Inhibit H⁺/K⁺ATPase activity and Increase PGE₂	[111]
Ferulago campestris	Root extract	Coumarins (Aegelinol and Benzoyl aegelinol)	Not detected	[112,113,114,115]
Foeniculum vulgare	MeOH extract of the seeds	Not identified	Antioxidant	[45,46]
Garcinia achachairu	Acidified ethanol of the seeds	Polyisoprenylated benzophenone	Gastroprotective	[116]
		Guttiferone A
Geranium wilfordii	EtOH extracts and EtOAc fraction	1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose and corilagin	Not detected	[117]
Geum iranicum	Aqueous fraction of the roots	Tannins	Gastroprotective	[118]
		Eugenol
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Water extract of the root	Polysaccharide	Anti-adhesive activity	[11,29]
		Flavonoids (glabridin)	Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
			Inhibit DNA gyrase
Glycyrrhiza uralensis	MeOH extract of roots	licoricidin licoisoflavone B	Chemopreventive agents	[119,120]
		licoric
Guaiacum coulteri	Bark MeOH extract	Not identified	Antibacterial action	[61]
Hancornia speciose	Hydroalcoholic extract of the bark	Not identified	Antibacterial action	[121]
Hericium erinaceus	Hydroalcoholic extract of bark	Not identified	Antibacterial action	[122]
Hydrastis canadensis	MeOH extract of rhizome	Isoquinoline alkaloids	Inhibit bacterial efflux pumps, Inhibit of nucleic acid synthesis, Inhibite the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase	[123,124,125,126]
		Berberine
		Hydrastine
Hyptis suaveolens	EtOH extract	Diterpene, Indomethacin Suaveolol	NO, PGE2, SH compounds	[127]
Impatiens balsamina	Pod acetone, EtoAc, terpenoid fraction	2Methoxy1,4naphthoquinone	Produce ROS to damage H pylori cell membrane	[9]
		Stigmasta7,22-diene3βol
Ixeris chinensis	Boiling water,EtOH and CHCl₃ extract was the active one	Not identified	Antibacterial	[128]
			Antiadhesive
			Anti-inflammatory
			Inhibit IL-8, NO, TNF-α
Jatropha isabelli	Acidified EtOH	Monoterpene	Gastroprotective	[129]
		1,4-Epoxy-ρ-menthan- 2-ol
		Sesquiterpene
		Cyperenoic acid
		Triterpene
		Acetyl aleuritolic acid
		9b,13a- Dihydroxyisabellione
		Diterpene
		Jatropholone A
		Jatropholone B Jatrophone
Juglans regia	Fruit MeOH extract	Xanthanolide	Not detected	[130]
Larrea divaricata	Branches and leaves aqueous extract	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid	Anti-inflammatory	[131]
			Gastroprotective
			Anti-gastric cancer
Lycopodium cernua	Whole plant hexane extract	The powerful compound was found in hexane fraction	Not detected	[48]
Magnoliae officinalis	Ether fraction of cortex	Magnolol	Antigastritic, antioxidant, neutralize acid, inhibit the secretion of gastric acid	[132]
Mallotus phillipinesis	70 % EtOH extract of fruit	Isorottlerin, rottlerin	Not detected	[97]
		3′-prenylrubranine, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenylflavanone
Malva sylvestris	Inflorescence and leaves EtOH Extract	Not identified	Not detected	[65]
Mangifera indica	Pet-ether and EtOH extracts of leaves	Mangiferin	Gastroprotective Antisecretory, antioxidant	[133,134]
Mentha piperita	Leaves andstem aqueous extract	Essential oil	antisecretory,antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions	[61]
		Menthol
Mentha sp.	EtOH extract	Monoterpene	Increase PGE2	[38,39]
		Indomethacin pyloric ligature	Antiapoptotic,Antioxidant
		Menthol	Anti-inflammatory
Morus alba	leaves EtOH extract	Steroid, Albosteroid	Antisecretory	[135,136]
		Pyloric ligature	Antioxidant
Mitrella kentii	EtOH extract	Chalcone	Antiapoptotic, antioxidant	[137]
		Desmosdumotin C	Inhibit COX-2
Musa acuminata	Crude flavonoids extract	Flavonoids	Increase mucus	[138,139]
		Leucocyanidin
Myristica fragrans	MeOH extracts of seeds and aerial parts	Not identified	Gastroprotective	[97,140]
Myroxylon peruiferum	Isolated compound	Isoflavone	Inhibit NADH oxidation	[141]
		Cabreuvin
Myrtus communis	Essential oil	Monoterpenes	Inhibit urease	[86,142]
Olea europaea	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Increase gastric flora	[143]
			Reduce H. pylori
Ocimum sanctum	Fixed oil	Not identified	Inhibit lipoxygenase	[144]
			Antisecretory
			Histamine antagonistic
Origanum majorana L.	Aerial parts MeOH extract	Phenolic compounds	Enhance protective host defence	[45]
Oroxylum indicum	Crude Flavone glycosides	7-O-methylchrysin, 5-hydroxy-749-dimethoxyflavone, oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein	Gastroprotective	[145, [146]
Paeonia lactiflora	Root lipid fraction	Lysophosphatidic acid Paeonol benzoic acid methyl gallate,1,2,3,4,6-penta- O-galloyl-β -D-glucopyranose	Increase PG E2 Decrease membrane integrity Inhibit urease Inhibit UreB (an adhesin)	[5,147]
Panax ginseng	Polysaccharides fraction	Galacturonic acid	Anti-adhesive	[148,149]
Papaver somniferum	Alkaloids	Porphine	Not detected	[150]
Pausinystalia yohimbe	Alkaloids	Yohimbine	Decrease ulcer	[44]
Peperomia pellucida	EtOH extract	Allylbenzene Dillapiole	Gastroprotective	[151]
Persea americana	MeOH extracts of leaf	Procyanidins	Inhibit urease	[61]
Piper carpunya	Flavonoids rich extract of the leaves	Vitexin Isovitexin Rhamnopyranosylvitexin Isoembigenin	Releasemyeloperoxidase Inhibite H+,K + ATPase activity N-Acetylation	[154]
Piper multiplinervium	Hydroxybenzoic acid prenylated derivative	3-farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid	Treat stomach aches	[155]
Pistacia lentiscus	Mastic gum	Triterpenic acids	Induce blebbing Cellular fragmentation Morphological abnormalities in H. pylori cells	[156,157,158,159]
Plectranthus grandis	EtOH extract	Diterpenes 3b-Hydroxy-3- deoxibarbatusin Barbatusin	K⁺ATP channel NO, TRPV1 channels	[160]
Plumbago zeylanica	EtOAc of rhizome	Naphthoquinone Plumbagin	Bactericidal activity	[58,161]
Polygala cyparissias	EtOH extract	Xantone	Anti-ulcer Gastroprotective	[162]
Polygonum tinctorium	Leaf juice	Tryptanthrin Kaempferol	decrease numbers of colonies in gerbils stomachs	[163]
Polygala cyparissias	EtOH extract	Sterol a-Spinasterol	Reduce percentage of lesion area Reduce ulcer index	[162]
Potentilla fruticose	Aqueous extracts of aerial part	Not identified	Antibacterial action	[164]
Prunus dulcis	Polyphenol-rich extracts of skin	Protocatechuic acid	Post gastric plus duodenal digestion	[165]
Prumnopitys andina	Acidified EtOH	Diterpene, acetic acid Ferruginol	PGE2 production Inhibit lipoperoxidation	[37]
Psoralea corylifolia	Seeds extract	Psoracorylifols	Antibacterial	[166]
Pteleopsis suberosa	MeOH extract of stem bark	Oleanane saponine Arjunglucoside I	AntivacA/cagA positive and metronidazole-resistant strains	[167]
Punica granatum	EtOH, MeOH, BuOH and aqueous extracts from fruit peel	Phenolic compounds	Chang hydrophobicity of H. pylori cell surface	[130,168,169]
Phyllanthus niruri	Aqueous extracts of leaves	Ellagic acid Hydroxycinnamic acid	Damage H.pylori cell membrane	[103,152]
Physalis alkekengi	EtOAc extract of the aerial parts	Quercetin Physalindicanols A kaempferol Blumenol A	Antiinflammatory Antiulcer invivo Analgesic	[153]
Qualea parviflora	MeOH extract of bark	Triterpenes Saponins	Maintaine GSH levels Increase SH compounds Stimulate PGE2 synthesis	[170]
Rabdosia trichocarpa	MeOH extract from entire plants	Diterpene Trichorabdal A	Strong antibacterial action	[171]
Rhei Rhizoma	Rhizome	Emodin	Damage DNA H. Pylori	[30]
Rheum palmatum	Rhizome	Rhein	Inhibite N-acetyltransferase	[172]
Rheum rhaponticum L.	Root EtOH Extract	Not identified	Anti-inflammatory	[56]
Rosmarinus officinalis	Leaves MeOH extract	Not identified	Antiulcer, vasodilator Gastroprotective	[45]
Rubus imperialis	EtOH extract	Triterpene 2b,3b-19a-Trihydroxy ursolic acid	Not detected	[173]
Rubus ulmifolius	Leaves extract Flavonoids	Ellagic Kampferol	Reduce gastric PH Participate No and SH	[26]
Ruta graveolens	Aqueous EtOH extract of leaves	Polyphenols	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Inhibit IL-8 secretion	[46]
Salvia mirzayanii	MeOH extract of leaves	Not identified	Not detected	[174]
Sanguinaria Canadensis	MeOH extracts of rhizome	Sanguinarine, chelerythrine, two benzophenanthridine alkaloids	Anti ulcer	[123,175]
Santalum album	hydro-alcoholic extract of stem	(Z)-R-santalol (7), (Z)-β-santalol, (Z)-lanceol	Strong antiulcer	[176]
Schinus molle	EtOH extract	Flavonol, Rutin	Antioxidant	[177]
Sclerocarya birrea	Essential oil	Terpinen- 4-ol	Decrease membrane integrity	[110,178]
Senecio brasiliensis	Inflorescences	Integerrimine, retrorsine, senecionine, usaramine, and seneciphylline	Increase mucus	[42,43]
	Pyrrolizidine alkaloids		Increase PG
Simaba ferruginea	Rhizome fractions	Alkaloid	Antiulcerogenic	[41]
		Canthin-6-one	Reduce myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde
			Reduce plasma IL-8
Scleria striatinux	MeOH extract of roots	Okundoperoxide	Antibacterial	[48]
Solanum paniculatum L.	New isolated steroids saponins	diosgenin 3-O-b-d-glucopyranosyl(10 → 69)-O-b-d-glucopyranoiside.	Decrease gastric lesion	[179]
			Decrease levels of MPO in the mucosa
Sphacele chamaedryoide	EtOH extract Diterpene	Horminone, Carnosol	Gastroprotective	[180]
		Taxoquinone	Inhibit gastric lesions
Stachys setifera	MeOH extracts of leaves	Not identified	Not detected	[181]
Strychnos pseudoquina	Leaves MeOH extract	Alkaloid enriched fraction	Increase cell proliferation in gastric mucosa	[182]
Syzygium aromaticum	Flower buds	Flavonoids	Antiulcerogenic	[183,184]
		Tannins	Antisecretory
			Increase PGE
Tabebuia impetiginosa	Inner bark	(hydroxymethyl)anthraquin	Strong antibacterial	[185]
		anthraquinone-2-carboxylic
		Lapachol, plumbagin
Termitomyces eurhizus	Mushroom	Polysaccharides fraction	Stimulate mucosal regeneration and proliferation	[186]
			Restoring gastric mucus
			Increase PG E2
			Modulate COX-1 and COX-2
			Reduce TNF-α and IL-1b
Terminalia spinosa	Young branches crude extract	Not identified	Not detected	[187]
Terminalia chebula	Aqueous extracts of fruit	Chebulinic acid	Improve secretory of B runner gland	[188,189,190]
		Ethyl gallate gallic acid
Thymus vulgaris	Essential oils	Monoterpenes	Gastroprotective	[191]
			Anti-inflammatory
Tithonia diversifolia	EtOH extract	Sesquiterpene	Gastroprotective	[192]
		Indomethacin, Tagitinin C
Trachyspermum copticum	Mixture of petroleum / MeOH extract of fruit and leaves	Not identified	Antibacterial	[78,193]
Vaccinium macrocarpon	Cranberry juice	Polyphenols	Anti-adhesive	[194,195]
Vitis venefera	Grape seeds	Resveratrol	Chemopreventative	[4]
	Flavonoids
			Antioxidant
Xanthium brasilicum	Aerial parts MeOH, diethyl ether and benzene	Not identified	Antimicrobial	[78]
Zataria multiflora	Essential oils of aerial parts	Thymol, carvacrol	Enhance mucosa Cytoprotective	[83,196]
Zingiber officinalis	Root extract	6-gingesulphonic acid	Inhibit thromboxane synthetase	[45,197,198,199,200,201,202]
		6-shogaol, Arcurcumene
		Gingerols

Methanol: MeOH; Ethanol: EtOH; Butanol: BuOH; Dichloromethan: CH₂Cl_2; Chloroform:CHCl₃; Prostaglandin: PG; Tumor necrosis factor: TNF; Interlokin: IL; Cyclooxiginase: COX; Nitric oxide: NO; sulfhydryl : SH.