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. 2020 May 11;22(5):e18250. doi: 10.2196/18250

Table 1.

Demographics and outcome measures (N=10,264).

Variables Baseline Final

Overall Back pain (n=6468) Knee pain (n=3796) Overall Back pain (n=6468) Knee pain (n=3796)
Age (years), mean (SD) 43.57 (11.14) 42.58 (10.91) 45.26 (11.33) N/Aa N/A N/A
BMI, mean (SD) 30.25 (7.42) 29.76 (7.11) 31.09 (7.84) N/A N/A N/A
Gender

Female, n (%) 5132 (50.00) 4981 (48.53) 5388 (52.49) N/A N/A N/A
Measures, mean (SD)

Pain (VASb) 45.13 (22.42) 45.81 (22.16) 43.98 (22.81) 14.24 (15.31) 14.23 (15.12) 14.33 (15.59)

PHQ-9c 3.05 (5.34) 3.35 (5.49) 2.54 (5.04) 1.85 (3.97) 2.12 (4.12) 1.43 (3.38)

PHQ-9d 12.01 (4.61) 11.99 (4.56) 12.06 (4.73) 5.05 (5.72) 5.10 (5.73) 4.95 (5.70)

GAD-7e 3.93 (5.50) 4.39 (5.69) 3.15 (5.08) 2.21 (3.83) 2.48 (3.99) 1.77 (3.51)

GAD-7f 11.49 (4.10) 11.56 (4.13) 11.32 (4.04) 4.78 (5.05) 4.84 (5.01) 4.65 (5.12)

One-year surgery likelihood (0-100) 12.67 (21.55) 9.07 (17.89) 18.80 (25.51) 4.14 (12.44) 2.88 (9.26) 6.26 (16.1)

WPAIg (0-100) 31.74 (26.79) 34.12 (26.37) 27.54 (27.02) 11.45 (15.60) 12.24 (15.58) 10.17 (15.57)

KOOS—painh N/A N/A 15.23 (6.66) N/A N/A 10.04 (5.81)

Modified von Korff N/A 15.95 (5.03) N/A N/A 7.75 (5.44) N/A

aN/A: not applicable.

bVAS: visual analog scale.

cPHQ-9: patient health questionnaire 9-item scale.

dThe mean and SD of the scores in depressed (PHQ-9>5) subjects.

eGAD-7: generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale.

fThe mean and SD of the scores in anxious (GAD-7>5) subjects.

gWPAI: work productivity and activity impairment.

hKOOS—pain: knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score—pain subscale.