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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Schematic representation of the quinone moiety (Q) reduction in the naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives: (i) single step two-electron reduction reaction and (ii) two successive one-electron reduction reactions. X = H for 3a–c and X = Cl for 4a–c.