Table 1.

MIPs prepared by electropolymerization with electrochemical readout.

Template	Monomer	Electrode	Detection Method	Measuring Range and LOD	Reference
Tamoxifen	o-PD/Resorcinol	GCE	CV	1–100 nM	[60]
Lorazepam	Pyrrole	Sol-gel-AuNP-Graphite	SWV	0.2–2 nM and 2–20 nM; LOD: 0.09 nM	[128]
Kanamycin	o-PD	SWCNH-GCE	LSV	0.1–50 µM; LOD: 0.1 µM	[129]
2,4-dichlorophenol	o-PD	PDA-rGO-GCE	DPV	2–10 nM and 10–100 nM; LOD: 0.8 nM	[130]
p-Synephrine	Functionalized thiophene	Pt electrode	EIS	0.1–0.99 μM; LOD: 5.69 nM	[115]
Artemisinin	o-PD	Au electrode	CV, SWV	0.01–1.36 µM; LOD: 0.01 µM	[131]
Gemcitabine	PATP	AuNP-Au electrode	LSV	3.8 fM–38 nM; LOD: 3 fM	[132]
Sofosbuvir	PATP	N,S@GQDs-AuNP-PGE	DPV	0.1–40.0 × 10−8 M; LOD: 0.036 × 10−8 M	[133]
Sulfamethoxazole	o-PD	GCE	SWV	0.2–1.4 µM; LOD: 0.05 µM	[134]
Lidocaine	Resorcinol	Porous C-GCE	CV	0.2 pM–8 nM; LOD: 67 fM	[135]
Carbamazepine	Resorcinol	hAgNS-Au electrode	CV	8.0 × 10−11–6.0 × 10−8 M; LOD: 3.2 × 10−11 M	[126]
Cholesterol	PATP	AuNP-MWCNT-GCE	DPV	1 × 10−13–1 × 10−9 M; LOD: 3.3 × 10−14 M	[136]
Thyronamine	4-ABA	Carbon-SPE	SWV	up to 10 µM; LOD: 0.081 µM	[137]
17-β-estradiol	3,6-diamino-9-ethylcarbazole	GCE	EIS	1 aM–10 µM; LOD: 0.36 aM	[138]
Hexahydrofarnesol	o-PD	GCE	DPV	4.0 × 10−8–1.5 × 10−7 M and 1.5 × 10−7–1.5 × 10−6 M; LOD: 1.2 × 10−8 M	[139]
Nitrofurantoin	m-Dihydroxy-benzene/o-Aminophenol	GCE	EIS	0.001–0.05 µM and 0.1–1 µM; LOD: 0.3 nM	[140]
Dibutyl phthalate	Pyrrole	PGE	EIS	0.01–1.0 μM; LOD: 4.5 nM	[141]
Chlorpyrifos	Pyrrole	PGE	EIS	20–300 µg/L; LOD: 4.5 µg/L	[142]
Transferrin	Scopoletin	Au electrode	SWV	0.1–1 µM	[49]
HSA	Scopoletin	Au electrode	CV	20–100 mg/dm3; LOD: 3.7 mg/dm3	[143]
HSA	Bithiophene derivatives	Au electrode	DPV	12–300 pM; LOD: 0.25 pM	[144]
Ferritin	Phenol	Nanotube arrays	EIS	1 × 10−12 × 10−7 g/L	[116]
Annexin A3	Caffeic acid	Carbon-SPE	SWV	0.1–200 ng/mL; LOD: 0.095 ng/mL	[145]
Tyrosinase	o-PD	GCE	DPV	up to 50 nM; LOD: 3.97 nM	[86]
PSA	Pyrrole	Au-SPE	DPV	0.01–4 ng/mL LOD: 2 pg/mL	[146]
CA-125	Pyrrole	Au-SPE	SWV	0.01–500 U/mL; LOD: 0.01 U/mL	[120]
IL-1β	Eriochrome black T	EDOT-PATP-Carbon-SPE	EIS	60 pM–600 nM LOD: 1.5 pM	[147]
Protein A	3-aminophenol	SWCNT-SPE	EIS	LOD: 0.60 nM	[148]
HER2-ECD	Phenol	Au-SPE	DPV	10–70 ng/mL; LOD: 1.6 ng/L	[149]
cTnT	Aniline/Carboxylated aniline	rGO/C-SPE	DPV	0.02–0.09 ng/mL; LOD: 0.008 ng/mL	[150]

o-PD: o-Phenylenediamine; GCE: Glassy carbon electrode; AuNP: Gold nanoparticle; SWCNH: Single-walled carbon nanohorn; LSV: Linear sweep voltammetry; PDA-rGO: Polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide; 4-ABA: 4-Aminobenzoic acid; PATP: p-Aminothiophenol; N,S@GQDs: N,S co-doped graphene quantum dots; PGE: Pencil graphite electrode; hAgNS: Hollow silver nanospheres; SPE: Screen-printed electrode; MWCNT: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; HSA: Human serum albumin; PSA: Prostate-specific antigen; CA-125: Carbohydrate antigen 125, IL-1β: Interleukin-1beta; EDOT: 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene; SWCNT: Single-walled carbon nanotubes; HER2-ECD: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; cTnT: Cardiac troponin T (cTnT).