Table 1.

Comparison of biomarker expression in the brain for carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exposed zebrafish. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ns = not significant and tested by one-way ANOVA.

Biomarker	WT	C-MNP		C-MNP		Unit	Significance	ANOVA	p Value
		(1 ppm)		(10 ppm)				F Value
Ferric ion	1.070 ± 0.4689	1.821 ± 0.652	ns	0.9054 ± 1.025	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.089	p = 0.3949
Metallothionein	34.41 ± 9.015	40.69 ± 14.05	ns	27.81 ± 3.921	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 0.423	p = 0.6728
ROS	317.5 ± 70.68	428.8 ± 98.14	ns	223.6 ± 9.179	ns	U/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 2.152	p = 0.1975
CAT	29.05 ± 7.592	42.22 ± 10.61	ns	23.05 ± 1.903	ns	U/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.658	p = 0.2672
TBARS	183.4 ± 52.11	183.9 ± 37.91	ns	97.49 ± 6.354	ns	ng/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.770	p = 0.2488
Cortisol	290.6 ± 80.02	260.7 ± 85.90	ns	142.3 ± 10.09	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.330	p = 0.3326
Hif-1α	147.7 ± 40.59	200.5 ± 60.90	ns	109.4 ± 4.572	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) =1.167	p = 0.3732
ATP	3074 ± 933.2	3896 ± 1235	ns	1999 ± 152.5	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.123	p = 0.3852
Hif-1α	147.7 ± 40.59	200.5 ± 60.90	ns	109.4 ± 4.572	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) =1.167	p = 0.3732
LDH	24.93 ± 6.257	35.61 ± 9.463	ns	18.76 ± 1.228	ns	ng/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.673	p = 0.2646
Acetylcholine esterase	50.59 ± 15.76	86.45 ± 29.01	ns	55.37 ± 2.924	ns	U/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.035	p = 0.4109
Acetylcholine	242.9 ± 58.99	414.5 ± 131.4	ns	221.6 ± 12.99	ns	U/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.605	p = 0.2764
5-HT	6.242 ± 1.861	8.573 ± 2.885	ns	4.663 ± 0.1496	ns	ng/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 0.983	p = 0.4273
Dopamine	377.3 ± 88.96	521.1 ± 186.3	ns	297.7 ± 5.453	ns	pg/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 0.901	p = 0.4545
GABA	1.747 ± 0.4157	2.688 ± 0.7480	ns	1.491 ± 0.0231	ns	U/ug of total protein	NO	F (2,6) = 1.402	p = 0.3165