Figure 1.

Schematic view of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the production of flavonoids, phenolics (in particular, caffeic acid and methyl-caffeate) and coumarins (in particular, esculetin and scopoletin). PAL: l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyse. Adapted from Bourgaud et al. [18] and Karamat et al. [19].