Table 4.
Performance comparison of vital sign detection algorithms for in-vehicle monitoring.
| Vital Sign Assessed | Vital Sign Algorithms | Research Articles | Experimental setup Range/Subjects/Reference Measurement Method |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR, RR | Location based Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) |
[61] | Up to 1.5 m (inside car) /2 human/Oximeter |
Error rate for only driver HR: 7.34% Error rate for two targets in car HR: 6.9%–11.5% |
| RR | FFT, band pass filter | [84] | Inside car/ 3 male, 1 female/manual push button based method | Mean error: 1.06 breathing rate per minute |
| RR, HR | FFT, Data fitting method | [16] | Inside car/5 humans/ECG, respiration belt | Mean RR error: 0.2–0.7 beats per minute Mean HR error: 0.6–2.5 beats per minute |
| RR, HR | FFT, band pass filter | [86] | Inside chamber/ 1 human/ECG | SNR: 8.6 dB |
| HR | FFT, FIR Kaiser filter of order 600, Correlation method | [87] | Inside car/3 humans/3 lead Olimex EKG (for ECG), a BioHarness 3 (RR) | Phase method: 13.1%–22.5% Correlation method: 14.4%–30.3% Slow time method: 24.3%–39.4% |