Table 5.
Performance comparison of vital sign detection algorithms for through-wall monitoring.
| Vital Sign Assessed | Vital Sign Algorithms | Research Articles | Experimental Setup Range/Subjects/ Wall Thickness |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR, RR | CWT, background subtraction method | [97] | 1–5 m (non-obstructive), 0.8 through the wall/50 cm | SNR: 14 dB |
| Detection | Raw data, Frequency spectrum | [98] | 1 m/1 human/10 cm | Person detection: 100% |
| Detection | Time domain (slow time signal) analysis | [99] | 2.6 m/1 human/wall | Respiratory pattern |
| RR | Spectrum analysis | [12] | 0.7–2.5 m/1 human/20 cm reinforced concrete wall | Error rate: 0.6% |
| RR | IIR band pass, moving averaging filter, advanced normalization method, FFT | [101] | 5.5 m/3 humans/… | Detection of RR |
| RR | Variational mode decomposition (VMD) | [102] | 1.5 m/3 humans/15 cm thick concrete wall | Correlation: 97.6% |