Table 2.

Parameter settings for simulation.

N	AN	MR
N	Number of nodes	100
$m\times m$	Sensor field region	100 m × 200 m
E0	Initial energy of a nodes	0.5 (j)
K	Number of CHs	5
DP	Data packet length	4096 (bits)
DA	Energy data aggregation	5 (nJ)
[Xmin, Xmax]	Particle position	[0, 200]
[Vmin, Vmax]	Particle velocity	[0, 200] (m/s)
[c1min, c1max] and [c2min, c2max]	Acceleration constants	2
Eamp	Multipath fading transmitter amplifier energy	130 (pJ/bit/m2)
Eelec	Transmission and receiving energy	50 (nJ/bit)
Efs	Free space transmitter amplifier energy	10 (pJ/bit/m2)
Max Round	Maximum number of rounds	40 rounds
Sw	Swarm size	15
Iter	Number of iterations	5
HMCRmin and HMCRmax	Harmonic memory considering rate	0.8 and 0.9
PARmin and PARmax	Pitch adjustment rate	0.1 and 0.9
${\omega }_{max}$	Maximum values of inertia weight	0.9
${\omega }_{min}$	Minimum values of inertia weight	0.4
Base Station (BS)	Various sink locations	(0, 100), (100, 100), (50, 150), (50, 200)