Table 2.
GC-MS analysis of S. sipylea non-polar extracts obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction with dichloromethane (DCM), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and hydrodistillation (EO).
| No. | RI 1 | Compound | % Peak Area 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCM | EO | SFE | |||
| 1 | 965 | α-Pinene | 0.95 ± 0.13 | - | - |
| 2 | 988 | Sabinene | 0.10 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| 3 | 991 | β-Pinene | 0.37 ± 0.03 | - | - |
| 4 | 1082 | cis-Sabinene hydrate | 0.03 ± 0.00 | - | - |
| 5 | 1107 | Linalool | - | 0.03 ± 0.01 | - |
| 6 | 1123 | trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 0.05 ± 0.00 | - | - |
| 7 | 1141 | α-Campholenal | 0.02 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| 8 | 1154 | trans-Pinocarveol | 0.02 ±0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | - |
| 9 | 1158 | cis-Verbenol | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | - |
| 10 | 1185 | Borneol | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | - |
| 11 | 1191 | Terpinen-4-ol | - | 0.07 ± 0.02 | - |
| 12 | 1208 | Myrtenol | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | - |
| 13 | 1289 | Bornyl acetate | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | - |
| 14 | 1333 | δ-Elemene | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | - |
| 15 | 1340 | α-Terpinyl acetate | - | 0.03 ± 0.01 | - |
| 16 | 1374 | α-Copaene | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | - |
| 17 | 1381 | (E)-β-Damascenone | - | 0.07 ± 0.03 | - |
| 18 | 1386 | β-Elemene | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | - |
| 19 | 1417 | β-Caryophyllene | 0.57 ± 0.02 | 1.32 ± 0.34 | 0.20 ± 0.06 |
| 20 | 1435 | (Z)-β-Farnesene | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | - |
| 21 | 1445 | (E)-β-Farnesene | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | - |
| 22 | 1453 | α-Humulene | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| 23 | 1461 | α-Acoradiene | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | - |
| 24 | 1465 | 9-epi-(E)-Caryophyllene | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| 25 | 1475 | ar-Curcumene | - | 0.19 ± 0.04 | - |
| 26 | 1477 | Germacrene D | 0.58 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.04 |
| 27 | 1487 | α-Zingiberene | - | 0.12 ± 0.01 | - |
| 28 | 1490 | Bicyclogermacrene | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
| 29 | 1499 | β-Bisabolene | - | 0.11 ± 0.03 | - |
| 30 | 1500 | β-Curcumene | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | - |
| 31 | 1511 | δ-Cadinene | - | 0.06 ± 0.03 | - |
| 32 | 1531 | (E)-γ-Bisabolene | - | 0.05 ± 0.02 | - |
| 33 | 1536 | cis-Sesquisabinene hydrate | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| 34 | 1575 | Spathulenol | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 3.02 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.05 |
| 35 | 1579 | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.06 |
| 36 | 1606 | Humulene epoxide II | - | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| 37 | 1630 | Isospathulenol | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | - |
| 38 | 1636 | α-Acorenol | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | - |
| 39 | 1641 | β-Acorenol | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | - |
| 40 | 1645 | allo-Aromadendrene epoxide | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | - |
| 41 | 1667 | epi-β-Bisabolol | - | 0.17 ± 0.05 | - |
| 42 | 1680 | α-Bisabolol | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 0.94 ± 0.20 | - |
| 43 | 1691 | Amorpha-4,9-dien-2-ol | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | - |
| 44 | 1705 | (2E,6Z)-Farnesal | - | 0.18 ± 0.04 | - |
| 45 | 1726 | (E)-Sesquilavandulyl acetate | 0.03 ± 0.01 | - | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| 46 | 1825 | Cyclopentadecanolide | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.00 |
| 47 | 1835 | Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.00 | 0.20 ± 0.04 |
| 48 | 1843 | (Z)-Lanceol acetate | 0.68 ± 0.02 | 1.99 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.08 |
| 49 | 1905 | Isopimara-9(11),15-diene | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 2.52 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.12 |
| 50 | 1914 | Totarene | 2.37 ± 0.18 | 6.22 ± 0.34 | 2.18 ± 0.22 |
| 51 | 1923 | Beyerene | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 1.66 ± 0.22 | 0.40 ± 0.04 |
| 52 | 1949 | Geranyl-α-terpinene | 0.46 ± 0.00 | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.11 ± 0.02 |
| 53 | 1954 | Geranyl-p-cymene | 4.46 ± 0.16 | 17.49 ± 1.37 | 4.66 ± 0.33 |
| 54 | 1967 | (Z,Ζ)-Geranyl linalool | 5.20 ± 0.23 | 8.06 ± 0.63 | 2.76 ± 0.40 |
| 55 | 1976 | Dolabradiene | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.15 | 0.22 ± 0.01 |
| 56 | 1981 | Sclarene | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 1.30 ± 0.12 | 0.26 ± 0.06 |
| 57 | 1987 | (E,Ζ)-Geranyl linalool | 1.56 ± 0.11 | 4.87 ± 0.16 | 1.31 ± 0.10 |
| 58 | 2003 | (Ζ,E)-Geranyl linalool | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 1.43 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.05 |
| 59 | 2015 | 13-epi-Dolabradiene | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 1.88 ± 0.10 | 0.21 ± 0.04 |
| 60 | 2028 | 13-epi-Manool oxide | - | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
| 61 | 2033 | (E,E)-Geranyl linalool | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 1.60 ± 0.15 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
| 62 | 2059 | Manool | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 2.17 ± 0.25 | 0.63 ± 0.12 |
| 63 | 2071 | 13-epi-Manool | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 1.67 ± 0.13 | 0.46 ± 0.08 |
| 64 | 2105 | Phytol | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 1.46 ± 0.22 | 0.53 ± 0.11 |
| 65 | 2158 | Abienol | 2.42 ± 0.13 | 1.68 ± 0.40 | 2.18 ± 0.38 |
| 66 | 2173 | Abieta-8(14),13(15)-diene | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 5.71 ± 0.88 | 0.62 ± 0.08 |
| 67 | 2185 | Sandaracopimarinal | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 1.73 ± 0.33 | 0.51 ± 0.02 |
| 68 | 2238 | Sclareol | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.19 ± 0.06 |
| 69 | 2259 | 7-α-hydroxy-Manool | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.21 ± 0.01 |
| 70 | 2301 | 3-α-hydroxy-Manool | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.36 ± 0.05 |
| 71 | 2343 | Isopimarol | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.18 | 0.21 ± 0.02 |
| 72 | 2580 | Sideridiol | 4.77 ± 0.66 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 5.92 ± 0.88 |
| 73 | 2584 | n-Hexacosane | - | - | 8.87 ± 0.45 |
| 74 | 2596 | 7-Epicandicandiol | 3.53 ± 0.05 | 1.48 ± 0.17 | 3.89 ± 0.28 |
| 75 | 2639 | Siderol | 2.43 ± 0.32 | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 1.88 ± 0.30 |
| 76 | 2694 | n-Heptacosane | 3.63 ± 0.28 | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 3.91 ± 0.38 |
| 77 | 2802 | n-Octacosane | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 1.09 ± 0.16 |
| 78 | 2929 | n-Nonacosane | 29.38 ± 1.75 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 30.17 ± 2.03 |
| 79 | 2958 | Sidol | 5.34 ± 0.52 | - | 4.50 ± 0.35 |
| Hydrocarbon compounds | 47.35 | 44.08 | 53.89 | ||
| Oxygenated compounds | 32.08 | 39.24 | 27.60 | ||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 1.42 | - | - | ||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 0.23 | 0.41 | - | ||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 1.68 | 4.29 | 0.49 | ||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 2.20 | 8.96 | 1.37 | ||
| Diterpene hydrocarbons | 10.27 | 38.15 | 9.36 | ||
| Oxygenated diterpenes | 29.65 | 29.80 | 26.23 | ||
| Norisoprenoids | - | 0.07 | - | ||
| Alkanes | 33.98 | 1.64 | 44.04 | ||
| Total identified (%) | 79.43 | 83.32 | 81.49 | ||
1 Retention indices (RI) determined in reference to n-alkanes (C8–C29) on a non-polar TR-5 ms column. 2 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 2).