Table 9.
DPSIR analysis of the Paprocany reservoir.
| Driver | Pressure | State | Impact | Response |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate changes | Temperature rise; Increased duration of drought period in the catchment area; Change in the nature of precipitation—extreme rainfall events |
Increase of water temperature in the reservoir; Increasing retention time and reducing inflows in dry periods due to the change in the precipitation characteristics and increased evaporation; Increased load of sediments and pollutants due to the more intensive rainfall events and runoff |
Induction of phytoplankton blooms, and biomass accumulation in the sediments; Periodic increase in nutrient concentration in the water; The ecosystem services value decreased |
Increased supply of good quality water to the reservoir |
| Historical factors | Limiting the surface of the tank catchment area causes too low water inflow to the reservoir | Water stagnates in the reservoir, the supply of nutrients after precipitation and evaporation causes an increase in the concentration of nutrients | Increased nutrient content in the reservoir resulting in phytoplankton blooms | Feeding good quality water into the reservoir, increasing the reservoir basin, restoring (at least partially) the former water relations in the basin |
| Agricultural activity in the direct catchment of the Paprocany reservoir | Inflow of waters enriched with nutrients and surface runoff from agricultural areas, especially after rainfall, leaving swaths in meadows | Increased nutrients levels: N–NH4; P–PO4 | Enrichment of sediments in the reservoir, induction of phytoplankton blooms | Mowing meadows and removing hay bales, preventing the decomposition of matter, limiting intensive grazing in the direct catchment of the tank, controlling leachate in the catchment |
| Mining industry (hard coal mines) | High salinity of waters that could be used to supply water to the reservoir | High saline waters | Inability to use heavily saline waters to feed water to the reservoir | The need to use watercourses that are not fed with mine waters |
| Fishing on the Paprocany reservoir | Restocking with calm-prey fish, restocking with adult predatory fish | Incorrect age structure of calm-prey and predatory fish populations, ecological imbalance | Lack of natural relations between the environment of the reservoir and fish, disturbed circulation of matter | Restocking in accordance with the fisherman’s survey, educational activities directed at fishing environments |
| Limiting of the rushes area | Limiting of the rushes area due to the development of recreational infrastructure, concrete hardening of quays, acceleration of water/biogens surface runoff | Increased nutrients levels: N– NH4; P–PO4, TOC | Enrichment of sediments in the reservoir, induction of phytoplankton blooms | Recreation of rushes on the banks of tanks, preferring the creation of unpaved/water-permeable areas around the tank |
| Intensification of recreational use of the Paprocany reservoir | Increasing the intensity of functioning of centers providing services related to recreation and catering outlets, increasing car traffic and thus deposition | Potential possibility of increasing the inflow of nutrients, detergents, deposition from car and petroleum exhaust gases | Increasing pollution of the lake’s waters with various substances with different environmental impacts | Conducting ongoing control of the use of the area around the Paprocany reservoir and water monitoring, responding to potential and existing pressures affecting reservoir waters |