Table 2.
Terpenoid constituents and concentrations (mean ± SD) from roots of 12 cultivars of C. morifolium.
| NO. | Compounds | Retention Index | Concentration (μg g−1 Fresh Weight) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CmR1 | CmR2 | CmR3 | CmR4 | CmR5 | CmR6 | CmR7 | CmR8 | CmR9 | CmR10 | CmR11 | CmR12 | |||
| Monoterpenes | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | α-pinene * | 939 | 1.32 ± 0.15 a | ND | ND | ND | 15.34 ± 1.77 | ND | 15.11 ± 1.73 | ND | ND | ND | 14.70 ± 2.23 | 16.90 ± 2.28 |
| 2 | α-fenchene | 950 | ND b | 11.76 ± 1.87 | ND | ND | 27.64 ± 2.29 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 32.04 ± 4.12 | 33.95 ± 2.68 |
| 3 | β-pinene * | 981 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 17.84 ± 2.26 | ND | 4.03 ± 1.05 | ND | ND | 1.52 ± 0.30 | 17.14 ± 2.19 | 19.45 ± 2.34 |
| 4 | para-cymene | 1035 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.40 ± 0.32 | ND | 8.46 ± 1.91 | ND | ND | ND | 4.95 ± 0.76 | 5.15 ± 0.61 |
| Sesquiterpenes | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | Silphinene | 1353 | ND | ND | 19.55 ± 0.62 | ND | ND | 8.52 ± 0.31 | ND | 1.85 ± 0.15 | 5.24 ± 0.71 | ND | ND | ND |
| 6 | α-longipinene | 1361 | 2.37 ± 0.15 | 1.75 ± 0.35 | 1.71 ± 0.13 | 2.28 ± 0.36 | 17.13 ± 1.27 | ND | 8.14 ± 0.86 | ND | ND | ND | 23.01 ± 2.76 | 18.38 ± 1.91 |
| 7 | modephene | 1391 | ND | ND | 20.73 ± 0.51 | ND | ND | 9.41 ± 0.30 | ND | ND | 4.99 ± 0.52 | ND | ND | ND |
| 8 | α-isocomene | 1396 | ND | ND | 80.87 ± 2.33 | ND | ND | 41.03 ± 1.26 | ND | ND | 22.98 ± 2.99 | ND | ND | ND |
| 9 | β-elemene | 1399 | 53.40 ± 7.66 | 2.01 ± 0.47 | ND | 47.12 ± 2.24 | 55.20 ± 3.01 | 12.00 ± 1.48 | ND | 2.38 ± 0.65 | 45.63 ± 5.22 | 81.06 ± 14.22 | 84.53 ± 6.83 | 42.40 ± 0.83 |
| 10 | β-isocomene | 1418 | ND | ND | 27.87 ± 0.76 | ND | ND | 12.50 ± 0.44 | ND | ND | 7.54 ± 0.92 | ND | ND | ND |
| 11 | (E)-β-caryophyllene * | 1431 | 10.93 ± 1.64 | 10.00 ± 0.80 | 35.58 ± 0.56 | 7.86 ± 1.13 | 27.12 ± 0.39 | 18.05 ± 0.90 | 6.93 ± 0.40 | 11.50 ± 0.56 | 11.15 ± 0.67 | ND | 37.53 ± 2.77 | 32.12 ± 4.45 |
| 12 | (E)-β-farnesene | 1464 | 112.23 ± 8.31 | 246.48 ± 17.39 | 175.81 ± 12.22 | 108.22 ± 11.61 | 131.77 ± 12.88 | 68.36 ± 6.21 | 66.56 ± 8.69 | 258.40 ± 8.14 | 207.81 ± 30.94 | 127.94 ± 11.08 | 194.25 ± 9.79 | 133.47 ± 9.01 |
| 13 | β-copaene | 1474 | 5.80 ± 1.64 | ND | 12.74 ± 0.37 | 7.56 ± 0.85 | ND | 6.85 ± 0.93 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 14 | δ-bisabolene | 1489 | 2.54 ± 0.77 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 14.85 ± 1.17 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 15 | Neollocimene | 1495 | 5.11 ± 0.55 | 6.81 ± 1.21 | 11.67 ± 0.28 | ND | 15.97 ± 0.61 | 9.99 ± 0.54 | 133.61 ± 14.34 | 11.46 ± 1.98 | 4.26 ± 1.20 | 4.31 ± 0.38 | 18.18 ± 1.04 | 16.40 ± 2.53 |
| 16 | α-zingberene | 1504 | 22.95 ± 2.12 | 3.56 ± 0.80 | 5.49 ± 0.80 | 6.27 ± 1.32 | 13.19 ± 1.02 | 20.38 ± 0.97 | 7.77 ± 1.16 | 18.88 ± 0.70 | 10.62 ± 0.47 | ND | 17.13 ± 1.30 | 10.44 ± 1.45 |
| 17 | β-bisabolene * | 1518 | 5.43 ± 0.78 | 4.84 ± 0.58 | 8.25 ± 1.63 | 6.45 ± 0.89 | 9.50 ± 0.35 | 5.76 ± 0.73 | ND | 9.81 ± 0.22 | 3.77 ± 0.74 | 4.52 ± 0.76 | 11.49 ± 0.88 | 10.53 ± 0.82 |
| 18 | β-sesquiphellandrene | 1533 | ND | 6.08 ± 0.87 | 19.05 ± 2.05 | 4.95 ± 0.73 | 21.17 ± 2.15 | 49.39 ± 2.85 | 12.45 ± 2.40 | 53.40 ± 5.34 | 23.34 ± 2.27 | 9.11 ± 0.57 | 34.19 ± 4.01 | 18.65 ± 2.96 |
| 19 | γ-costol | 1760 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.91 ± 1.34 | ND | ND | ND | 10.84 ± 0.67 | ND | ND |
| Diterpene | ||||||||||||||
| 20 | unidentified diterpene | 2298 | 57.39 ± 7.58 | 93.93 ± 23.83 | 69.13 ± 8.21 | 58.66 ± 11.25 | 229.37 ± 16.19 | 16.99 ± 0.64 | 20.94 ± 8.79 | 28.38 ± 12.90 | 19.58 ± 5.54 | 285.52 ± 39.55 | 242.43 ± 24.56 | 253.68 ± 32.81 |
a Mean values were calculated from three biological replicates. b Not detected. * identified by authentic standard.