Table 6.

Performance metrics from past studies.

Ref/Year	Objective	Operating Frequency (MHz)	Implementation Environment	Application	Transfer Distance (cm)	Transfer Efficiency (%)	Transfer Power (W)
[12]/2009	OTE	7	Experimental	Id	9	22.3	N/A
[8]/2010	OTE	0.7	Experimental	Id	0.32	72	N/A
[11]/2011	OTE	0.00988	Simulation by using Proteus	LVAD	N/A	N/A	1.5
[7]/2013	OTE	0.9532	Experimental	light neon, and lamp	1–15	N/A	N/A
[9]/2014	OTE	2.75	Experimental	Prototype	3	93.1	N/A
[10]/2014	OTE	16.47	Experimental	capsule endoscopy	7	0.71	N/A
[14]/2014	OTDE	0.3	Experimental	implantable cardioverter defibrillators	6	7	1
[13]/2015	OTDE	403	Experimental	pacemaker	10	5.24	10 × 10−6 1 × 10−3
[15]/2016	battery-recharge	0.3–13.56	Experimental	pacemaker	10	N/A	0.0004
[17]/2016	OTDE	0.02	Simulation by multiphysics COMSOL	pacemaker	41	N/A	N/A
[18]/2016	OTE	137	Experimental	Brain region	2.8	0.76 @air 0.6@ lamb head	240 × 10−6 191 × 10−6
[19]/2018	OTDE	1	Experimental	home appliance operations	2 6	80.66 66.66	4.84 4
Spiral–spiral topology	OTDE	0.014	Experimental	Heart rate sensor	5 8 10	28.8 13 6.4	5 1.3 0.5
Spider- spidertopology	OTDE	0.014	Experimental	Heart rate sensor	5 8 10	92.11 82.02 75.8	7.2 3.6 2.04
Spiral–spider topology	OTDE	0.014	Experimental	Heart rate sensor	5 8 10	90 88 80	5 4.5 2.5

N/A: not available; OTE: optimization transfer efficiency; OTDE: optimize transfer distance and efficiency.