. 2020 May 10;25(9):2245. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092245

Table 4.

Colour, phenolic, and tannin parameters and p-values for wines resulting from Fresh Fruit (FF_Control, FF_S and FF_D series) and Mature Fruit (MF_Control, MF_S and MF_D series) harvests.¹

Wine	Colour Density [au]	Total Anthocyanin [mg/L]	Total Phenolics [au]	SO₂ Resistant Pigments [au]	Tannin MM [g/mol] ²	MCP Tannin [mg/L] ³
FF Control	8.7 ± 0.2 ^a	693 ± 11 ^a	42.8 ± 0.8 ^a	1.42 ± 0.06 ^a	1544 ± 22 ^a	595 ± 48 ^a,b
FF_S1	7.7 ± 0.2 ^c	598 ± 12 ^c	36.0 ± 0.8 ^c	1.16 ± 0.02 ^c	1489 ± 4 ^b	463 ± 37 ^b,c
FF_S2	8.2 ± 0.4 ^b	654 ± 15 ^b	39.4 ± 0.8 ^b	1.25 ± 0.03 ^b	1516 ± 13 ^a,b	399 ± 23 ^c
FF_S3	8.9 ± 0.2 ^a	688 ± 17 ^a	41.9 ± 0.7 ^a	1.39 ± 0.04 ^a	1534 ± 18 ^a	651 ± 1 ^a
FF_D1	5.8 ± 0.1 ^e	468 ± 9 ^e	27.8 ± 0.9 ^e	0.89 ± 0.01 ^e	1421 ± 18 ^c	231 ± 17 ^d
FF_D2	6.8 ± 0.1 ^d	540 ± 20 ^d	32.7 ± 0.8 ^d	1.08 ± 0.01 ^d	1477 ± 31 ^b	455 ± 80 ^b,c
FF_D3	8.6 ± 0.1 ^a,b	647 ± 12 ^b	40.1 ± 1.0 ^b	1.30 ± 0.02 ^b	1537 ± 10 ^a	618 ± 148 ^a
p-value	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Control	8.7 ^a	693 ^a	42.8 ^a	1.42 ^a	1544 ^a	595
Substitution	8.3 ^b	647 ^b	39.1 ^b	1.27 ^b	1513 ^a	504
Dilution	7.1 ^c	552 ^c	33.5 ^c	1.09 ^c	1478 ^b	435
p-value	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0055	0.0987
MF Control	15.4 ± 0.5 ^a	944 ± 33 ^a	61.0 ± 2.0 ^a	2.30 ± 0.05 ^a	1640 ± 47 ^a	917 ± 61 ^a
MF_S1	10.2 ± 0.3 ^e	727 ± 10 ^e	42.6 ± 0.8 ^e	1.52 ± 0.03 ^e	1509 ± 10 ^b,c	680 ± 62 ^b
MF_S2	11.7 ± 0.1 ^d	784 ± 10 ^d	47.0 ± 0.7 ^d	1.71 ± 0.01 ^d	1551 ± 11 ^b	734 ± 62 ^b
MF_S3	14.2 ± 0.2 ^b	905 ± 19 ^b	57.2 ± 0.6 ^b	2.16 ± 0.03 ^b	1639 ± 18 ^a	1011 ± 67 ^a
MF_D1	7.80 ± 0.19 ^f	565 ± 4 ^g	33.5 ± 0.3 ^f	1.12 ± 0.01 ^f	1492 ± 3 ^c	286 ± 20 ^c
MF_D2	11.1 ± 1.2 ^d,e	673 ± 18 ^f	42.0 ± 0.7 ^e	1.50 ± 0.07 ^e	1536 ± 6 ^b,c	598 ± 109 ^b
MF_D3	12.8 ± 0.3 ^c	821 ± 6 ^c	50.4 ± 0.5 ^c	1.93 ± 0.03 ^c	1633 ± 16 ^a	951 ± 43 ^a
p-value	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Control	15.4 ^a	944 ^a	61.0 ^a	2.30 ^a	1640	917 ^a
Substitution	12.0 ^b	806 ^b	48.9 ^b	1.80 ^b	1566	809 ^a
Dilution	10.6 ^c	686 ^c	42.0 ^c	1.51 ^c	1554	612 ^b
p-value	0.0003	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.3053	<0.0001

¹ Values are means of three replicates ± standard error. Different superscripted lower-case letters within columns indicate significantly different means (p ≤ 0.05, one-way (treatment) and two-way (mode [shown with grey shading] and level of water addition) ANOVA) within a given maturity stage. ² Molecular mass determined by gel permeation chromatography at 50% elution. ³ Determined by methylcellulose precipitable (MCP) tannin assay.