Table 5.
Bioaccessibility of total phenolic content evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method in non-digested samples and during the simulated in vitro digestion.
| Samples | TPC in CS1 | TPC in CS2 | TPC in CS3 | TPC in CS4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mg GAE/g ± SD | % | mg GAE/g ± SD | % | mg GAE/g ± SD | % | mg GAE/g ± SD | % | |
| Not digested | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.3 | ||||
| Digestion Stage | ||||||||
| OS | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 28.2 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 24.7 | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 33.0 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 20.9 |
| GS | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 32.0 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 34.5 | 10.1 ± 0.5 | 59.1 | 9.4 ± 0.6 | 37.0 |
| DS | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 46.7 | 8.7 ± 0.4 | 48.8 | 10.3 ± 0.4 | 62.2 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 47.2 |
| PS | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 40.9 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 42.7 | 9.7 ± 0.3 | 52.7 | 10.4 ± 0.4 | 51.5 |
| VS | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 8.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 18.6 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 16.2 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 18.0 |
| Total colon stage | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 148.9 | 15.2 ± 0.6 | 161.3 | 17.1 ± 0.4 | 168.9 | 18.5 ± 0.4 | 169.5 |
OS: oral stage; GS: gastric stage; DS: duodenal stage; PS: Pronase E stage; VS: Viscozyme stage; GAE: gallic acid equivalents; TPC: total phenolic content; %: percentage of increase or decrease in TPC (not digested vs. digested stage). The differences between average values were evaluated by using Tukey’s test at the level of significance p < 0.05.