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. 2020 May 6;25(9):2168. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092168

Table 1.

Results of syntheses of monosubstituted piperazine derivatives using different synthetic techniques.

Reactant (R) Molar Ratio 1 Catal. Proc. 2 Time (hr) Product Aver. Yield 3 (%)
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i001.jpg -: 1.3 Cu(I) A 24 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i002.jpg 70
- - B 4 - -
-: 1.1 Ce(III) C 4 0.58 61
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i003.jpg 1: 1.1 - A 19 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i004.jpg 57
1: 1.2 Ce(III) A 8 61
1: 1.2 Cu(II) B 6 54
1: 1.2 Cu(II) C 2.17 64
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i005.jpg 1: 2.2 - A 16 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i006.jpg 62
1: 2.6 Ce(III) A 7 60
1: 2 B 4 50
1.2: 2.7 C 0.17 61
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i007.jpg 0.2: 1.2 Cu(II) A 8 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i008.jpg 71
0.2: 1.1 B 1.83 72
- C - -
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i009.jpg 1: 1.1 Cu(II) A 13 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i010.jpg 84
0.5: 1.1 B 2.5 67
- C - -
graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i011.jpg 0.5: 1.1 Cu(II) A 14 graphic file with name molecules-25-02168-i012.jpg 88
0.5: 1.1 B 1 69
- C - -

1 Molar ratios are listed as piperazine. 2HCl: reactant and are always related to 1 mol of anhydrous piperazine. 2 Proc. A follows literature method [46,47,48,49,50], proc. B (batch) and C (flow) proceed under MW irradiation. 3 Average yield of a recrystallized product with respect to anhydrous piperazine excepting reactions of methyl acrylate which is related to piperazine monohydrochloride. 4 The reaction proceeds at room temperature and thus only a simple flow mode using catalyst was applied.