Table 1.
Complete compositions of the headspaces of both whole and cut samples of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense (Mill.) Asch. et Graebn), garlic (A. sativum L.) and leek (A. ampeloprasum L.).
| Compounds | l.r.i. 1 | Relative Abundance ± SD | Interaction Species × Whole/Cut 2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elephant Garlic | Garlic | Leek | |||||||
| Whole | Cut | Whole | Cut | Whole | Cut | F | p-Value | ||
| methyl thiirane 2 | 637 | 0.8 ± 0.04 B;a | 4.6 ± 0.06 A;b | 0.5 ± 0.01 B;b | 7.9 ± 0.05 A;a | - 3;c | - c | 25,363.06 | <0.0001 |
| (E)-1-methylthio-1-propene | 681 | - | 0.4 ± 0.11 | - | - | - | - | ||
| allyl methyl sulfide | 696 | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 | - | - | ||
| 2-pentanol | 703 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.21 | - | - | - | ||
| (E)-2,3-dimethylthiirane | 746 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| dimethyl disulfide | 746 | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1-methylbutyl acetate | 849 | - | - | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.05 | - | ||
| diallyl sulfide | 866 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.15 | - | - | ||
| allyl propylsulfide | 871 | - | 0.3 ± 0.13 | - | - | - | - | ||
| (Z)-allyl(prop-1-en-1-yl)sulfane | 888 | - | 0.1 ± 0.16 | - | - | - | - | ||
| methyl-2-propenyl disulfide | 920 | 1.4 ± 0.03 B;b | 11.9 ± 0.02 A;b | 2.1 ± 0.01 B;a | 14.5 ± 0.02 A;a | - c | - c | 161,252.0 | <0.0001 |
| methyl propyl disulfide | 927 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 1.4 ± 0.01 | - | - | 1.8 ± 0.18 | 1.7 ± 0.75 | ||
| (E)-methylpropenyl disulfide | 940 | - | 0.4 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.1 ± 0.08 | ||
| 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 985 | 0.1 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| myrcene | 993 | 0.1 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1,8-cineole | 1034 | 1.3 ± 0.03 | - | 1.0 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| n-octanol | 1071 | 2.7 ± 0.04 | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| diallyl disulfide | 1082 | 38.0 ± 0.74 B;b | 61.4 ± 0.16 A;b | 83.4 ± 0.30 A;a | 75.8 ± 0.11 B;a | - c | - c | 6839.732 | <0.0001 |
| 1-allyl-2-isopropyl disulfane | 1098 | 20.0 ± 0.35 A;a | 11.6 ± 0.03 B;a | - b | - c | 0.3 ± 0.03 C;b | 0.3 ± 0.08 C;b | 3136.357 | <0.0001 |
| (E)-1-allyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl) disulfane | 1103 | 5.2 ± 0.06 A;a | 3.3 ± 0.01 B;a | 1.0 ± 0.00 A;b | - B;b | - c | - b | 3031.800 | <0.0001 |
| nonanal | 1104 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| (Z)-1-allyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl) disulfane | 1107 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| dipropyl disulfide | 1110 | 3.0 ± 0.05 A;b | 1.1 ± 0.01 B;b | - c | - b | 67.3 ± 2.52 B;a | 81.4 ± 6.33 A;a | 29.5631 | <0.0001 |
| (E)-1-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2-propyl disulfane | 1118 | 2.3 ± 0.15 A;b | 0.7 ± 0.01 B;b | - c | - b | 11.3 ± 2.01 A;a | 7.8 ± 4.11 A;a | 2.6408 | 0.1121 |
| (E,Z)-di-1-propenyl disulfide | 1124 | - | - | - | - | 0.4 ± 0.37 | - | ||
| (E,E)-propenyl disulfide | 1129 | 0.1 ± 0.12 | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.32 | 0.3 ± 0.27 | ||
| methyl allyl trisulfide | 1142 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | ||
| methyl pentyl disulfide | 1142 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.29 | 0.1 ± 0.10 | ||
| camphor | 1143 | - | - | 2.4 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | ||
| methylpropyl trisulfide | 1150 | - | - | - | - | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.13 | ||
| methyl (E)-propenyl trisulfide | 1169 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.20 | - | ||
| 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-5-ene | 1185 | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| α-terpineol | 1189 | 0.3 ± 0.11 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| dihydro citronellol | 1196 | 0.3 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| decanal | 1204 | 0.5 ± 0.04 | - | 0.1 ± 0.07 | - | 0.4 ± 0.08 | - | ||
| verbenone | 1205 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine | 1206 | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | ||
| n-decanol | 1272 | 3.1 ± 0.13 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| (Z)-3-tridecene | 1284 | 0.1 ± 0.19 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| (E)-3-tridecene | 1285 | 0.1 ± 0.10 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 2-undecanone | 1294 | 0.1 ± 0.19 | - | - | - | 0.4 ± 0.10 | - | ||
| diallyl trisulfide | 1297 | 2.0 ± 0.17 A;a | 0.7 ± 0.00 B;a | 0.7 ± 0.10 A;b | - B;s | - c | - a | 185.4874 | <0.0001 |
| 1-allyl-3-propyl trisulfane | 1314 | 1.1 ± 0.13 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | ||
| dipropyl trisulfide | 1328 | 0.5 ± 0.16 A;b | - B;b | - b | - b | 5.9 ± 1.51 A;a | 5.3 ± 1.03 A;a | 0.5760 | 0.3093 |
| (Z)-1-allyl-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl) trisulfane | 1329 | - | - | - | - | 0.7 ± 0.01 | - | ||
| (E)-1-allyl-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl) trisulfane | 1346 | - | - | - | - | 0.7 ± 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.10 | ||
| 3,5-diethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | 1352 | - | - | - | - | 1.7 ± 0.18 | 1.3 ± 0.11 | ||
| α-terpinyl acetate | 1352 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | - | 0.5 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | ||
| cyclosativene | 1368 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | ||
| α-copaene | 1376 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| n-tetradecane | 1400 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | ||
| β-caryophyllene | 1420 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | 0.1 ± 0.04 | - | ||
| β-copaene | 1429 | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | ||
| 1-(1-(methylthio)propyl)-2-propyl disulfane | 1431 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | 0.4 ± 0.52 | ||
| (E)-geranyl acetone | 1455 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| valencene | 1492 | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | ||
| n-pentadecane | 1500 | 0.1 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.08 | - | ||
| (E,E)-α-farnesene | 1507 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.20 | - | ||
| diallyl tetrasulfide | 1540 | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | ||
| caryophyllene oxide | 1581 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 1-(1-(prop-1-en-1ylthio)propyl)-2-propyl disulfane | 1592 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 ± 0.55 | ||
| n-hexadecane | 1600 | 10.8 ± 0.24 A;a | - B | 5.5 ± 0.28 A;b | - B | 0.1 ± 0.10 A;c | - A | 3447.491 | <0.0001 |
| 1-tetradecanol | 1676 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.11 | - | ||
| n-heptadecane | 1700 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.18 | - | ||
| octyl octanoate | 1779 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| n-octadecene | 1793 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 | - | ||
| isopropyl tetradecanoate | 1830 | - | - | - | - | 1.4 ± 0.78 | - | ||
| hexadecanal | 1842 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | ||
| isoamyl dodecanoate | 1846 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.55 | - | ||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 0.1 ± 0.00 A;a | - B | - b | - | - b | - | 144.0000 | <0.0001 | |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 3.1 ± 0.20 A;b | - B | 3.9 ± 0.01A;a | - B | - c | - | 1938.579 | <0.0001 | |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 0.6 ± 0.07 A;a | - B | 0.6 ± 0.05 A;a | - B | 0.3 ± 0.33 A;a | - A | 3.2626 | 0.0739 | |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 0.2 ± 0.06 A;a | - B | - b | - | - b | - | 51.1579 | <0.0001 | |
| Apocarotenoids | 0.4 ± 0.01 A;a | - B | - b | - | - b | - | 14161.00 | <0.0001 | |
| Sulfur compounds | 75.3 ± 0.42 B;c | 100.0 ± 0.01 A;a | 89.4 ± 0.23 B;b | 99.7 ± 0.00 A;b | 91.6 ± 0.54 B;a | 100 ± 0.01 A;a | 2678.860 | <0.0001 | |
| Other non-terpene derivatives | 20.0 ± 0.29 A;a | - B | 5.9 ± 0.41 A;b | - B | 4.4 ± 1.03 A;c | - B | 1005.692 | <0.0001 | |
| Total identified (%): | 99.6 ± 0.07 | 100 ± 0.01 | 99.8 ± 0.24 | 99.7 ± 0.00 | 96.3 ± 0.16 | 100 ± 0.01 | |||
1 Linear retention indices on a DB5 capillary column. 2 For compounds reported in bold and chemical classes, along the same row: (i) different superscript uppercase letters (A,B) indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) between the whole and cut form of the same species; ii) different superscript lowercase letters (a,b,c) indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) among the whole/cut form of the three species; (iii) the strength (F) and statistical significance (p-value) of the interaction between the two evaluated factors (species × whole/cut) are reported. 3 Not detected.