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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2019 Sep 9;239:112545. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112545

Table 3:

Estimated effects of intervention on child development, health, nutrition, and growth

Outcomes Intervention
No. β (95% CI) P-value Mean of control group at follow-up
Panel A: Skill development
Summary index§ 385 0·17 (0·02–0·33) 0·04 −0·08
Cognition score 386 0·24 (0·04–0·44) 0·01 −0·11
Receptive language score 386 −0·01 (−0·17–0·15) 0·89 −0·02
Expressive language score 386 0·14 (−0·03–0·32) 0·09 −0·04
Gross motor score 385 0·14 (−0·04–0·32) 0·12 −0·09
Fine motor score 386 0·13 (−0·03–0·29) 0·09 −0·06
Social-emotional score 386 0·10 (−0·07–0·27) 0·24 −0·01
Panel B: Health
Summary index§ 390 0·29 (0·13–0·46) 0·001 −0·15
Diarrhea in past 2 weeks 390 −0·08 (−0·12– −0·04) <0·001 0·12
Symptoms of respiratory tract infection in past 2 weeks 390 −0·08 (−0·18–0·02) 0·10 0·49
Number of times ill in past 2 weeks 390 −0·08 (−0·23–0·07) 0·27 0·72
Panel C: Nutrition and growth
Hemoglobin (g/L) 367 −0·22 (−3·96–3·52) 0·91 116·5
Anemic 367 0·01 (−0·11–0·12) 0·92 0·27
Summary index of physical growth§ 380 0·07 (−0·08–0·22) 0·33 −0·03
Length/height for age 380 0·01 (−0·16–0·19) 0·87 −0·07
Healthy length/height for age 380 0·02 (−0·02–0·05) 0·36 0·94
Healthy weight for height 380 0·02 (−0·03–0·07) 0·38 0·92
Healthy weight for age 380 −0·004 (−0·04–0·03) 0·80 0·93

Diarrhea in past 2 weeks’ and ‘symptoms of respiratory tract infection in past 2 weeks’ are dummies = 1 if the child had diarrhea and coughed or had a cold over the past 2 weeks, respectively; 0 otherwise. ‘Length/height for age’ is a standardized z-score relative to the WHO reference population. ‘Healthy height for age’ is a dummy indicating that the child’s height for age is not more than two standard deviations below the mean of the WHO reference population. ‘Healthy weight for height’ and ‘healthy weight for age’ are dummies indicating that the scores are no more than two standard deviations above or below the respective means of the WHO reference populations.

§

The ‘summary index’ in panel A is the weighted average of the measures in rows 2–7. The ‘summary index’ in panel B is the weighted average of the absolute value of the measures in rows 2–4 of panel B. The ‘summary index’ in panel C is the weighted average of the measures in rows 5–7.

When we use the Romano-Wolf stepdown procedure to adjust the p-values of all variables (except for the summary indices) for the family-wise error rate, the ITT effects on cognition scores and the risk of diarrheal illness remain significant at the 5% level.