Fig. 2.

The plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased by LPS injection into mice fed by chow or HFD. As illustrated in Fig. 1a, blood samples were collected from animals from the four groups 24 h after saline or LPS injection at 1 week (a), 2 weeks (b), and 8 weeks (c). The plasma preparation method was described in the “Materials and methods” section, and the samples were subjected to TNF-α and IL-1β ELISA assays. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–4 animals in each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the chow-saline group; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus the HFD-saline group