Table 3.
Prevalence and Odds Ratio of Chronic Diseases, Impaired Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Depressive Symptoms by Hearing Status
| Hearing Status | Chronic Diseases | Impaired ADLs | Impaired IADLs | Depressive Symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| CHARLS Pooled Data (N = 14,930) | ||||||||
| Hearing Status | ||||||||
| No Hearing Impairment (Reference Group) |
0.74 (0.73–0.74) |
1.00 |
0.17 (0.16–0.18) |
1.00 |
0.21 (0.20–0.22) |
1.00 |
0.33 (0.32–0.34) |
1.00 |
| Having Hearing Impairment |
0.82 (0.81–0.83) |
1.60*** (1.49–1.72) |
0.27 (0.26–0.28) |
1.86*** (1.75–1.98) |
0.36 (0.35–0.37) |
2.26*** (2.13–2.39) |
0.43 (0.41–0.44) |
1.57*** (1.48–1.67) |
| Hearing Survey Data (N = 376) | ||||||||
| Hearing Status | ||||||||
| Moderate Hearing Impairment (Reference Group) |
0.69 (0.61–0.78) |
1.00 |
0.14 (0.08–0.21) |
1.00 |
0.57 (0.48–0.67) |
1.00 |
0.31 (0.23–0.40) |
1.00 |
| Severe Hearing Impairment |
0.71 (0.64–0.79) |
1.10 (0.63–1.93) |
0.26 (0.19–0.33) |
2.14* (1.12–4.10) |
0.67 (0.60–0.75) |
1.53 (0.91–2.59) |
0.39 (0.31–0.47) |
1.41 (0.82–2.42) |
| Profound Hearing Impairment |
0.72 (0.65–0.80) |
1.17 (0.65–2.10) |
0.27 (0.19–0.35) |
2.26 * (1.15–4.44) |
0.78 (0.71–0.86) |
2.76*** (1.53–4.97) |
0.53 (0.44–0.62) |
2.56*** (1.47–4.45) |
Component scores are adjusted for age, gender, education, residency and marriage. The means are given first, followed parenthetically by confidence intervals. ADLs Activities of daily living, IADLs Instrumental activities of daily living, OR Odd Ratios, CI Confidence Intervals
*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01,***P < 0.001