Table 1.
Sample characteristics by self-reported hearing loss, N (%) or Mean (S.D.) +(Table 1 is at the “Results” part)
| Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 4003) |
With HL (n = 1524) |
Without HL (n = 2479) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health-related quality of life | ||||
| Physical component summary (PCS) | 42.10(7.37) | 40.91(0.18) | 42.83(0.15) | < 0.001a |
| Mental component summary (MCS) | 41.11(11.47) | 39.41(0.28) | 42.16(0.23) | < 0.001a |
| Hearing loss | – | |||
| With hearing loss | 1524(38.07) | – | – | |
| Without hearing loss | 2479(61.93) | – | – | |
| Social engagement scores | 3.94(1.95) | 3.69(0.05) | 4.10(0.04) | < 0.001a |
| Age+ | 69.26(6.56) | 70.42(0.18) | 68.54(0.12) | < 0.001a |
| Sex | 0.844b | |||
| Male | 2230(55.71) | 846(55.51) | 1384(55.83) | |
| Female | 1773(44.29) | 678(44.49) | 1095(44.17) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001b | |||
| With spouse | 1533(38.39) | 647(42.59) | 886(35.81) | |
| Without spouse | 2460(61.61) | 872(57.41) | 1588(64.19) | |
| Residence | 0.005b | |||
| Urban | 2508(62.65) | 913(59.91) | 1595(64.34) | |
| Rural | 1495(37.35) | 611(40.09) | 884(35.66) | |
| Education | < 0.001b | |||
| Illiterate | 960(23.98) | 441(28.94) | 519(20.94) | |
| Literate | 3043(76.02) | 1083(71.06) | 1960(79.06) | |
| Household income per capita+ | 9600.45(10,141.16) | 7939.31(226.11) | 10,624.40(216.84) | < 0.001a |
| Current employment status | 0.039b | |||
| Yes | 1061(26.51) | 376 (24.67) | 685(27.63) | |
| No | 2942(73.49) | 1148(75.33) | 1794(72.37) | |
| Smoking history | 0.706b | |||
| Never | 2305(57.58) | 884(58.01) | 1421(57.32) | |
| Past | 571 (14.26) | 222(14.57) | 349(14.08) | |
| Current | 1127(28.15) | 418(27.43) | 709(28.60) | |
| Drinking history | 0.073b | |||
| Never | 2449(61.18) | 941(61.75) | 1508(60.83) | |
| Past | 551(13.76) | 227(14.90) | 324(13.07) | |
| Current | 1003(25.06) | 356(23.36) | 647(26.10) | |
| Number of chronic disease | < 0.001b | |||
| 0 | 420(10.49) | 120(7.87) | 300(12.10) | |
| 1 | 824(20.58) | 246(16.14) | 578(23.32) | |
| 2 | 900(22.48) | 340(22.31) | 560(22.59) | |
| ≥3 | 1859(46.44) | 818(44.00) | 1041(56.00) | |
a Student’s test. bχ2 test