Table 2.
Case demographic and disease characteristics
| Characteristics | No SEH | SEH | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Cases | 17,348 | 201 | 17,549 |
| Age (mean (SD) in year) | 56.72 (15.12) | 59.08 (13.71) | 56.75 (15.11) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 8730 | 90 | 8820 |
| Female | 8618 | 111 | 8729 |
| Total Medical Paymenta (mean (SD) in USD) | 2438 (2071) | 3028 (2099) | 2445 (2072) |
| Duration of Hospital Stay (mean (SD) in days) | 13.41 (9.49) | 19.35 (11.66) | 13.48 (9.54) |
| Insurance Types | |||
| National Health Insurance | 16,278 | 185 | 16,463 |
| Medical Aid & Veterans | 1070 | 16 | 1086 |
| Spine Surgery Types (%) | |||
| Lumbar | 12,381 (98.64) | 170(1.35) | 12,551 (100) |
| Not Lumbar | 4967 (99.38) | 31 (0.62) | 4998 (100) |
| Spine Surgery Approach (%) | |||
| Anterior | 3918 (98.47) | 61 (1.53) | 3979 (100) |
| Not Anterior | 13,430 (98.97) | 140 (1.03) | 13,570 (100) |
| Infections | |||
| No | 15,983 | 180 | 16,163 |
| Yes | 1365 | 21 | 1386 |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 15,629 | 177 | 15,806 |
| Yes | 1719 | 24 | 1743 |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 11,972 | 121 | 12,093 |
| Yes | 5376 | 80 | 5456 |
| Use of NSAIDs | |||
| No | 803 | 2 | 805 |
| Yes | 16,545 | 199 | 16,744 |
| Invasive Proceduresb (%) | |||
| No | 13,056 (98.89) | 146 (1.11) | 13,202 (100) |
| Yes | 4292 (98.73) | 55 (1.27) | 4347 (100) |
| Bleeding Factorsc | |||
| No | 14,223 | 140 | 14,363 |
| Yes | 3125 | 61 | 3186 |
| Trauma | |||
| No | 16,499 | 188 | 16,687 |
| Yes | 849 | 13 | 862 |
| Anticoagulant Use | |||
| No | 15,090 | 178 | 15,268 |
| Yes | 2258 | 23 | 2281 |
| Surgery Hours | |||
| 0 < HR ≤ 2 | 17,149 | 187 | 17,336 |
| Over 2 h | 199 | 14 | 213 |
| Blood Loss | |||
| No Loss | 14,526 | 135 | 14,661 |
| 0 < Loss ≤0.5 L | 1871 | 41 | 1912 |
| Over 0.5 L | 951 | 25 | 976 |
| Type of Hospitalsd (%) | |||
| General Hospitals | 6371 (99.04) | 62 (0.96) | 6433 (100) |
| Small Hospitals | 10,977 (98.93) | 139 (1.07) | 11,116 (100) |
| Number of Beds in Hospitals (%) | |||
| Beds ≤200 | 10,611 (98.99) | 108 (1.01) | 10,719 (100) |
| More than 200 Beds | 6737 (98.64) | 93 (1.36) | 6830 (100) |
| Location of Hospitals (%) | |||
| Metropolitan area (Seoul) | 5066 (99.37) | 32 (0.63) | 5098 (100) |
| Other Metropolitan areas | 8853 (99.05) | 86 (0.95) | 8939 (100) |
| Rural Area | 3421 (97.63) | 83 (2.37) | 3504 (100) |
| Total (cases) | |||
SEH spinal epidural hemorrhage and hematoma, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
aTotal medical payments: The sum of the payments that patients pay for all medical services when they leave from a hospital
bInvasive procedures: lumbar puncture, myelography, and epidural anesthesia
cBleeding factors: coagulation factor deficiency and thrombocytopenia
dType of Hospitals: The hospitals are classified into four categories in Korea, based on their function and size. From largest to smallest, they are tertiary general hospital, general hospital, hospital, and clinic. Small hospitals include hospital and clinic. General hospitals includes tertiary general and general hospitals