Table 3.
Demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with unfavorable outcome following viral CNS infection by univariate analysis
| Factors | Unfavorable Outcome N = 12 | Favorable outcome N = 98 | P-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at onset (d), median (IQR) | 9 (5.5–18.5) | 25 (14–33) | 0.003* |
| History of seizure at onset or during treatment, n (%) | 7/12 (58) | 2/98 (2) | < 0.001* |
| Abnormal imaging, n (%) | 7/11 (64) | 4/22 (18) | 0.02 |
| Meningoencephalitis, n (%) | 8/12 (67) | 6/98 (6) | < 0.001* |
| aIntensive care unit admission, n (%) | 7/11 (64) | 9/95 (9) | < 0.001* |
| Underlying virus, n (%) | |||
| HSV | 4/12 (33) | 3/98 (3) | 0.002* |
| HSV1 | 1/12 (8) | 2/98 (2) | 0.29 |
| HSV2 | 3/12 (25) | 1/98 (1) | 0.004 |
| EV | 8/12(67) | 95/98 (97) | 0.002 |
| CSF white blood cell count (× 106/L)b, median (IQR) | 104 (27.5–762) | 147 (11–358) | 0.75 |
| CSF protein (g/L)b, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.64–1.27) | 0.74 (0.56–0.95) | 0.12 |
| bCSF glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.1 (2.0–2.45) | 2.4 (2.2–2.75) | 0.03 |
| Extra-central nervous system disease, n (%) | 5/12 (42) | 8/99 (8) | 0.005 |
Legend: CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HSV herpes simplex virus
*These variables remained significant at a p value < 0.004 after Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons
aFor comparison of proportions, Fishers exact test (2-sided) was used; for comparison of medians, Mann-Whitney test was used
bThe presence of one of more of parameters suggestive of bacterial meningitis (cell count > 1000 × 106/L, Glucose < 2.0 mmol/L and CSF Protein > 1.0 g/L) in infants with EV or HSV infection were not associated with unfavorable outcome