Table 4.
Demographic Clinical and Laboratory Factors Associated with Unfavorable Outcome Following Enteroviral CNS Infection
| Factors | Unfavorable Outcome N = 8 | Good outcome N = 95 | P-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Onset (d), median (IQR) | 9 (5.5–19.5) | 25 (14–34) | 0.02 |
| History of seizure at onset or during treatment, n (%) | 3/8 (38) | 2/95 (2) | 0.003* |
| Abnormal imaging, n (%) | 3/7 (43) | 4/19 (21) | 0.34 |
| Meningoencephalitis, n (%) | 4 (50) | 3 (95) | < 0.001* |
| Intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 4/7 (57) | 8/91 (9) | 0.004* |
| CSF white blood cell count × 106/Lb, median (IQR) | 180 (41–1271) | 153 (15.5–393.5) | 0.36 |
| CSF protein (g/L), median (IQR) | 1.10 (0.73–1.27) | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.13 |
| CSF protein over 1 g/Lb, n (%) | 5/8 (63) | 20/90 (22) | 0.02 |
| CSF glucose (mmol/L)b, median (IQR) | 2.1 (1.95–2.29) | 2.45 (2.20–2.75) | 0.01 |
| Extra-CNS disease, n (%) | 2/8 (25) | 6/95(6) | 0.12 |
Legend: CNS central nervous system, CSF cerebrospinal fluid
*These variables remained significant at a p value of < 0.005 after Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons
aFor comparison of proportions, Fishers exact test (2-sided) was used; for comparison of medians, Mann-Whitney test was used
b The presence of one of more of parameters suggestive of bacterial meningitis (cell count > 1000 × 106/L, Glucose < 2.0 mmol/L and CSF Protein > 1.0 g/L) in infants with EV was not associated with unfavorable outcome (8 (100%) infants who had unfavourable outcome with EV fit this criteria versus 57 (62%) who had favorable outcome; p = 0.05)