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. 2020 May 21;37(11):1358–1369. doi: 10.1089/neu.2019.6443

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Acute intravenous administration of neural stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles (NSC EVs) reduced tissue loss in male traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats. Contralateral hemisphere was overlaid to the injured hemisphere to outline the lesion and to estimate the volume of tissue lost. Representative images of (A) male NSC EV-treated, (B) male vehicle-treated, and (C) male control brain tissue stained for neurons (NeuN; green), reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein; red), macrophages and microglia (CD68; magenta) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole counterstain (blue). Scale bar = 1 mm. (D, E) NSC EV-treated rats demonstrated a significant decrease in lost tissue compared with TBI control rats; females showed a similar, although non-significant, trend to males. Representative hematoxylin and eosin stained images of (F) male NSC EV-treated, (G) male vehicle-treated, and (H) male control brain tissue. Scale bar = 500 μm. (I, J) NSC EV-treated rats demonstrated a marginal increase in preserved tissue compared with vehicle-treated or TBI control rats in both males and females. *p < 0.05. Color image is available online.