Table I.

Differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis

A. Systemic and organ-specific manifestations of sarcoidosis

Lymphoproliferative diseases

Sarcoid-like reaction to malignancy

Infectious diseases, including:

tuberculosis

atypical mycobacterial infections

brucellosis

coccidioidomycosis and other fungal diseases

leishmaniosis

Silicosis

Pneumoconiosis

Beryllium hypersensitivity

Talc or zirconium exposure

Drug-induced granulomatosis

Interstitial lung disease

Autoimmune disorders

Blau syndrome and other autoinflammatory syndromes

Common variable immune deficiency

B. Musculoskeletal manifestations of sarcoidosis

Bone metastasis

Multiple myeloma

Osseous hemangiomas

Enchondromas (Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome)

Paget’s disease

Osteopetrosis

Osteopoikilosis (including Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome)

Hyperparathyroidism and other bone metabolic disorders

Vitamin D-resistant rickets (X-linked hypophosphatemia)

Mastocytosis

Bone tuberculosis

Brucellosis with joint and bone involvement

Coccidioidomycosis with musculoskeletal involvement (desert rheumatism)

Inflammatory spondyloarthropathy

Muscular metastases

Muscular infarction (including that resulting from diabetes mellitus)

Inflammatory myopathy including regional forms