. 2020 May 23;19:1534735420922579. doi: 10.1177/1534735420922579

Table 2.

In Vivo Experiments of Combination Sodium Bicarbonate With Other Anticancer Therapies.

Anticancer Therapy	Tumor Type	Animal Models	Administration of NaHCO₃	Outcomes (Anticancer Therapy+ NaHCO₃ Versus Anticancer Therapy)	Reference
Chemotherapy
Doxorubicin (2.0 mg/kg ip)	Breast cancer	MCF-7 xenograft	200 mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	pHe of MCF-7 xenografts raised the therapeutic effectiveness improved	29
Mitoxantrone (12 mg/kg iv)	Breast cancer	C3H allograft	0.7 mL 1M NaHCO₃ by gavage	3.3-fold increase of therapeutic index	30
Mitoxantrone (12 mg/kg iv)	Breast cancer	C3H allograft	0.7 mL 1M NaHCO₃ by gavage	0.7 mL 1M NaHCO₃ ip injection	30
Molecular targeting therapy
VEGFR2 inhibitor: sunitinib (40 mg/kg po)	Colorectal cancer	HT29 xenograft	200 mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	Tumor growth delayed; the number of blood vessels decreased; tumor necrosis increased; VEGFR2 expression in the vessels increased tumor growth delayed	34
VEGFR2 inhibitor: sunitinib (40 mg/kg po)	Colorectal cancer	HT29 xenograft	200 mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	MC-38 allograft	34
mTORC1 inhibitor: rapamycin (3 mg/kg ip)	Colorectal cancer	HT29 xenograft	200 mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	Tumor growth delayed; tumor necrosis increased; necrotic tumor surface increased	33
mTORC1 inhibitor: rapamycin (3 mg/kg ip)	Colorectal cancer	HT29 xenograft	200 mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	MC-38 allograft	33
Immunotherapy
Anti-PD1 therapy	Melanoma	B16 allograft	200mM NaHCO₃ po ad libitum	Modest effect on tumor growth (P < .05)	25
Anti-PD1 therapy	Pancreatic cancer	Panc02 allograft		Tumor growth delayed (P < .005)
Anti-CTLA4 therapy	Melanoma	B16 allograft		No effect on tumor growth (P = .54)
Anti PD1/CTLA4	Melanoma	B16 allograft		No effect on tumor growth
Adoptive T-cell therapy	Melanoma	B16 allograft		No effect on tumor growth Long-term (120 day) survival rate (40% vs 10%) T-cell persistence increased

Abbreviations: ip, intraperitoneal; po, per os (orally); iv, intravenous; VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor rectptor-2; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1; CTLA-4, cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; PD-1, programmed death-1.