. 2020 May 26;20:467. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05327-x

Table 1.

Attributes and levels of fictitious prostate cancer screening programs

Attributes	Attribute label used in survey	Attribute supplementary information	Levels	Opt-out option level	References
Mortality by prostate cancer	Number of deaths by prostate cancer		2 / 1000^a 5 / 1000^a 6 / 1000^a	6 / 1000	Schröder et al.(2014) [3]
False positive result	Number of false positive results to the screening test (false alarm)	This wrong alert induces potentially useless supplementary exams (biopsies) because men do not have cancer	50 / 1000^a 150 / 1000^a 250/ 1000^a	0	Kipeläinen, et al. (2011) [25]
False negative result	Number of false negative results on screening test	Prostate cancer is undetected yet individual has prostate cancer	1 / 1000 5 / 1000 10 / 1000	0	Verbeek, et al. (2018) [24]
Overdiagnosis	Number of prostate cancers detected, even treated unnecessarily (overdiagnosis)	This prostate cancer would never cause symptoms, pain or death	10 / 1000^a 30 / 1000^a 50 / 1000^a	0	Etzioni, et al. (2013) [22]
Recommended frequency	Frequency at which you should be screened		Every year Every 2 years Every 4 years	NA	Tsodikov et al. (2017) [2]
Out-of-pocket costs	Amount to pay for each screening session	Amount is not reimbursed by national health insurance or supplementary health insurance	0 € 10 € 20 € 40 €	0	NABM [1], NGAP [2]

Notes: ^aper one thousand men regularly screened for prostate cancer