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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2020 Apr 2;142(15):7047–7054. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c00252

Figure 1. Protein synthesis by ligation techniques.

Figure 1.

(A) Native chemical ligation and a derivative technique, peptide hydrazide ligation; (B) A proposed ACPL technique based on nucleophilic acyl substitution of an activated cysteine residue in a recombinant protein by a nucleophilic amine. Without a nucleophilic amine, the protein undergoes hydrolysis. When the nucleophile is hydrazine, the afforded protein hydrazide can then undergo peptide hydrazide ligation to form a larger protein.