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. 2020 May 19;11:902. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00902

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Copyright © 2020 Abreu, Clutter, Attari, Sautto and Ross.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Elderly subjects have significantly immunodominant response to the H1N1 vaccine component. (A–C) Percentage of IgA HA-binding to the H1N1 or the H3N2 vaccine strain calculated as described in the M&M section in young adults and elderly subjects vaccinated in 2014 (A) 2015 (B) or 2016 (C). (D) Frequency of young adults and elderly subjects with a significant immunodominant IgA response toward the H1N1 or H3N2 vaccine strains pre- and post-vaccination. (E) Heatmap for the percentage of immunodominant response to each IAV vaccine strain from 2014 to 2016. Donors are represented as rows organized by date of birth (DOB). Blue indicates significant immunodominance of the H1N1 vaccine strain, red represents significant immunodominance of the H3N2 vaccine strain, and white shows balanced responses. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.