TABLE 3.
Changes in physical fitness and aggression measures from pre- to post-test in SG and CG.
| Pre-test | Post-test | % Δ | A 2 x 2 mixed ANOVA outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical fitness | ||||
| BOMBT (m) | ||||
| SG | 9.3±1.2 | 9.7±1.1 | 4.3* | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=3.984, p=0.049, ŋp 2=0.037 |
| CG | 9.2±0.9 | 9.0±0.9 | -2.2* | the main effect of time: F(1, 103)=9.212, p=0.003, ŋp
2=0.082 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=45.849, p<0.0005, ŋp 2=0.308 |
| VJ (cm) | ||||
| SG | 38.4±6.4 | 39.7±5.5 | 3.4* | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=1.505, p=0.223, ŋp 2=0.014 |
| CG | 37.9±6.9 | 37.5±6.0 | -1.1 | the main effect of time: F(1, 103)=0.853, p=0.358, ŋp
2=0.008 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=3.415, p=0.067, ŋp 2=0.032 |
| YYIR1 (m) | ||||
| SG | 1504.4±93.1 | 1537.8±95.1 | 2.2* | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=3.312, p=0.072, ŋp 2=0.031 |
| CG | 1487.1±99.2 | 1488.2±96.8 | 0.1 | the main effect of time: F(1, 103)=22.416, p<0.0005, ŋp
2=0.179 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=19.463, p<0.0005, ŋp 2=0.159 |
| Aggression | ||||
| PA (score) | ||||
| SG | 30.24±5.6 | 26.59±4.8 | -12* | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=3.201, p=0.077, ŋp 2=0.03 |
| CG | 28.23± 5.1 | 27.68±4.8 | -1.9* | the main effect of time: F(1, 103)=39.742, p<0.0005, ŋp
2=0.278 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=17.353, p<0.0005, ŋp 2=0.144 |
| VA (score) | ||||
| SG | 17.94± 3.1 | 17.05± 3.4 | -5.0 | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=1.419, p=0.236, ŋp 2=0.014 |
| CG | 18.49± 4.4 | 18.33± 4.2 | -0.9 | the main effect of time: F(1, 103)=3.738, p=0.056, ŋp
2=0.035 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=1.616, p=0.207, ŋp 2=0.015 |
| Hostility (score) | ||||
| SG | 26.01±5.3 | 23.96±5.8 | -7.9* | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=0.225, p=0.637, ŋp 2=0.002 |
| CG | 26.00±6.2 | 25.01±6.0 | -3.8* | the effect of time: F(1, 103)=21.961, p<0.0005, ŋp
2=0.176 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=2.754, p=0.1, ŋp 2=0.026 |
| Anger (score) | ||||
| SG | 18.16± 4.6 | 17.38± 4.5 | -4.3 | the main effect of group: F(1, 103)=5.407, p=0.022, ŋp 2=0.05 |
| CG | 19.86± 4.5 | 19.54± 4.4 | -1.6 | the effect of time: F(1, 103)=4.075, p=0.046, ŋp
2=0.038 the interaction effect: F(1, 103)=0.493, p=0.48, ŋp 2=0.005 |
Values are mean±SD. Abbreviations: SG soccer group; CG control group; BOMBT – the backwards overhead medicine ball throw test; VJ – the vertical jump test; YYIR1 – the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-1; PA – the Physical aggression subscale; VA – the Verbal aggression subscale; Hostility – the Hostility subscale; Anger – the Anger subscale; % Δ – percentage of change from pre- to post-test.
*
significant difference from pre- to post-test at p<0.05.